9337 results for "cancer rna-seq"

in 113.34 milliseconds.

• FASTQ files of total RNA-Seq data from the POPS PET (pre-eclamptic) samples

  All the samples were obtained from the Pregnancy Outcome Prediction–a prospective cohort study of nulliparous women attending the Rosie Hospital, Cambridge (UK) for their dating ultrasound scan between January 14, 2008, and July 31, 2012. Ethical approval for the study was given by the Cambridgeshire 2 Research Ethics Committee (reference number 07/H0308/163) and all participants provided written informed consent. Cases of preeclampsia (PET) were defined on the basis of the 2013 ACOG criteria and cases of small for gestational age (SGA)infants were confined to severe SGA, i.e. a customized birth weight <5th percentile. Chorionic villi from the corresponding placentas (free from decidua, visible infarction, calcification, hematoma, or damage) were collected and processed within 30 minutes of separation from the uterus. After repeated washes in chilled phosphate buffered saline, the samples were placed in RNA later (Applied Biosystems) and stored at -80°C. Total placental RNA was extracted using mirVana Isolation Kit (Ambion). For each placenta, approximately 5 mg of tissue were homogenized in the Lysis/Binding solution for 20 sec at 6 m/s using a bead beater (FastPrep24) and Lysing Matrix D Tubes (MP Biomedicals). The samples were then spun at 13,000 rpm for 5 min at 4°C and the supernatants recovered. Afterwards, the manufacturer's instructions were followed. Immediately after the RNA extraction, placental RNA samples were DNase-treated using DNA-free DNA Removal Kit (Ambion), aliquoted, and stored in -80°C. Quantity and quality of the RNA samples were assessed using the Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer, the Agilent RNA 6000 Nano Kit (Agilent Technologies), and Qubit fluorometer. Libraries were prepared starting with 300-500 ng of good quality total RNA (RIN ≥7.5) using the TruSeq Stranded Total RNA Library Prep Kit with Ribo-Zero Human/Mouse/Rat (Illumina), according to the manufacturer's instructions. The kit contains 96 uniquely indexed adapter combinations in order to allow pooling of multiple samples prior to sequencing. After determining their size (with the Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer and the Agilent High Sensitivity DNA Kit by Agilent Technologies) and concentration (by qPCR with the KAPA Illumina ABI Prism Library Quantification Kit, Kapa Biosystems), libraries have been pooled and sequenced (single-end, 125 bp) using a Single End V4 Cluster Kit and an Illumina HiSeq2500 or HiSeq4000 instrument.

  Dataset EGAD00001003508

• A Phase I Study With a Personalized Neoantigen Cancer Vaccine in Glioblastoma Multiforme

  Neoantigens, which are derived from tumor-specific protein-coding gene mutations, are exempt from central tolerance, can generate robust immune responses and function as bona fide antigens that facilitate tumor rejection. A strategy of using multi-epitope and personalized neoantigen vaccination has previously been tested in patients with high-risk melanoma. We demonstrated that this strategy is feasible for glioblastoma (GBM) which typically has a relatively low mutation load and an immunologically 'cold' tumor microenvironment. We conducted whole exome sequencing (WES) of tumor and normal cells from individual GBM patients to identify tumor-specific mutations. We assessed the expression of mutated alleles by RNA-sequencing of tumor, and used personalized neoantigen-targeting vaccines to immunize newly diagnosed GBM patients following surgical resection and conventional radiotherapy in a phase I/Ib study. Patients who did not receive dexamethasone, a highly potent corticosteroid that is frequently prescribed to treat cerebral oedema in GBM patients, generated circulating polyfunctional neoantigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses that were enriched in a memory phenotype and showed an increase in the number of tumor-infiltrating T cells. Using single-cell T cell receptor analysis, we provided an evidence that neoantigen-specific T cells from the peripheral blood can migrate into an intracranial GBM tumor. Neoantigen-targeting vaccines thus have the potential to favorably alter the immune environment of GBM.In order to discover cancer antigens derived from annotated and unannotated protein-coding regions of the genome, we carried out matched ribosome profiling (Ribo-Seq) on two GBM samples. We discovered novel or unannotated open reading frames (nuORFs) and their expression levels as well as somatic mutations within the nuORFs, which could be used to predict potential neoantigens.

  Study phs001519

• Genome-wide DNA methylation profiles of NSCLC xenograft and primary lung tissues for the identification of epigenetic predictive biomarkers.

  Non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) are the most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide and primarily treated with platinum-based drugs like cisplatin and carboplatin, radiation and surgery. The major challenge in the management of NSCLC are intrinsic or acquired resistance mechanisms with only few published molecular markers which can predict the outcome of the patients. On the other side, changes in DNA methylation are observed in nearly all cancer types making them suitable as biomarker. Here genome-wide methylation profiles from MeDIP-Seq and gene expression profiling data of 22 primary NSCLC, adjacent normal tissue and PDX samples are provided. For each PDX tumor growth rates were measured in absence or presence of chemotherapy.

  Study EGAS00001002479

• An APOBEC Cytidine Deaminase Mutagenesis in Human Cancers

  Reprinted from Roberts et al. "An APOBEC cytidine deaminase mutagenesis pattern is widespread in human cancers", Nature Genetics, 45:970-976, 2013, with permission of Nature Publishing Group: Recent studies indicate that a subclass of APOBEC cytidine deaminases, which convert cytosine to uracil during RNA editing and retrovirus or retrotransposon restriction, may induce mutation clusters in human tumors. We show here that throughout cancer genomes APOBEC-mediated mutagenesis is pervasive and correlates with APOBEC mRNA levels. Mutation clusters in whole-genome and exome data sets conformed to the stringent criteria indicative of an APOBEC mutation pattern. Applying these criteria to 954,247 mutations in 2,680 exomes from 14 cancer types, mostly from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), showed a significant presence of the APOBEC mutation pattern in bladder, cervical, breast, head and neck, and lung cancers, reaching 68% of all mutations in some samples. Within breast cancer, the HER2-enriched subtype was clearly enriched for tumors with the APOBEC mutation pattern, suggesting that this type of mutagenesis is functionally linked with cancer development. The APOBEC mutation pattern also extended to cancer-associated genes, implying that ubiquitous APOBEC-mediated mutagenesis is carcinogenic.

  Study phs000677

• The Mood and Methylation Study (MMS)

  The Mood Methylation Study (MMS) is an observational study designed to understand epigenetic mechanisms underlying major depression symptoms (MDD) using a co-twin control design. Twins enrolled in the MMS were monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs discordant on lifetime history of MDD. All twins were members of the Washington State Twin Registry (WSTR), a community-based twin registry consisting of over 10,000 twin pairs. Lifetime and current MDD diagnoses were determined using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Research Version (SCID-4-RV). DNA methylation in blood monocytes was measured using the Infinium HumanMethylationEPIC BeadChip. Monocyte gene expression was quantified by paired end RNA-seq (50 PE). Zygosity of the twin pairs included in the MMS was self-reported and confirmed using the polymorphic SNPs included in the DNA methylation array.

  Study phs002858

• Count Me In (CMI): The Metastatic Prostate Cancer (MPC) Project (CMI-MPCproject)

  Count Me In - The Metastatic Prostate Cancer Project: A Patient-Driven Research Initiative to Accelerate Metastatic Prostate Cancer Research The Metastatic Prostate Cancer Project (MPCproject; http://mpcproject.org/) is a research study that empowers men with metastatic and advanced prostate cancer to partner directly with researchers by sharing their samples and clinical information, with the ultimate goal of accelerating scientific discoveries that have clinical impact. The MPCproject enables any man with metastatic or advanced prostate cancer in the US and Canada to participate in cutting-edge genomic and molecular research, regardless of where they live. Metastatic or advanced prostate cancer patients visit the project website and complete an online questionnaire of basic information about themselves and their cancer. Enrolled patients are mailed saliva and blood draw kits, which can be used to extract germline DNA and cell-free DNA (cfDNA), respectively. The study team contacts participants' healthcare institutions to obtain medical records and a portion of archived tumor samples. Whole exome sequencing is performed on tumor DNA, germline DNA, and cfDNA, and transcriptome sequencing is performed on tumor RNA. De-identified data, including linked genomic, clinical, and patient-reported data, are shared via public databases on a recurring pre-publication basis. Participants are regularly provided with updates on the study.

  Study phs001939

• Comprehensive gene analysis of colorectal cancer cases

  Colorectal cancer is the third most common morbidity and the fourth leading cause of cancer death in the world.To characterize the mutation profiles of colorectal cancer with liver metastasis,we performed both whole-exosome sequencing and RNA sequencing for 12 cases of colorectal cancer with liver metastasis (group A) and 16 cases of colorectal cancer without liver metastasis (group B). As a result of driver mutation search by Mutsig pipeline, PTEN was identified as a significant mutant gene in group A alone.ADAMTS10,NELL1 and RXFP3 were identified as candidate genes for metastasis by MuTect,SID and VarScan pipeline.Furthermore, in all samples, the copy number of chromosomes 1p,4,7,8,13,15, 17p,18,20 and 22q were significantly abnormal. Chromosomes 1p,4,15,18,17p,22q were deleted and chromosomes 7, 8,13 and 20 were amplified by CNV.Pathway analysed revealed Wnt/Ca2+ and PCP pathway was involved in metastasis of cl cancer.9 kinds of fusion genes were identified in deFuse pipeline. Among them, ADAP1 fusion genes were identified in 2 samples, and ADAP1 fusion genes were further identified in 3 samples by our in-house algorithm. It is suggested that new fusion genes present in such multiple samples may be involved in the development of colorectal cancer.

  Study JGAS000128

• Ex vivo RNA-seq in moderate COVID-19 monocytes

  This dataset was used to compare gene expression profiles of ex vivo isolated classical CD14+ monocytes from patients with moderate COVID-19 to those of healthy individuals. Blood samples were taken from patients with moderate COVID-19 admitted to hospitals in London (Hammersmith Hospital, Charing Cross Hospital, Saint Mary’s Hospital) 3-14 days after disease onset and 0-2 days after hospitalization and positive PCR, and before study treatment initiation. Moderate patients displayed mild or moderate COVID-19 pneumonia, defined as grade 3 or 4 WHO severity. Samples were collected from March 2020 to February 2021. Healthy donors were Imperial College staff with no prior diagnosis of or recent symptoms consistent with COVID-19, and where possible, were matched in age and sex distribution with COVID-19 patients. None of the participants of this study were COVID-19 vaccinated. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated by Ficoll Hypaque (GE Healthcare) gradient centrifugation <4 hours after blood collection. CD14+ monocytes were isolated using a positive selection magnetic sorting kit (StemCell Technologies, UK) from total PBMC and stimulated with vehicle, UV-inactivated SARS-CoV-2 (CoV-2). RNA was isolated using the RNeasy Micro Plus Kit (QIAGEN) following the manufacturer’s guidelines. RNA-sequencing was performed by the Oxford Genomics Centre. PolyA-enriched strand- specific libraries were prepared using NEBNext Ultra II Directional RNA Library Prep Kits (Illumina). All samples were pooled together and 150bp PE reads were sequenced on a Novaseq 6000 system.

  Dataset EGAD00001009800

• RNAseq of resident memory T cells from human lung tumor

  This dataset includes the RNA sequencing of 14 samples. Samples are FACS sorted CD8+ T cells expressing or not the integrin CD103. The paired samples (TRM and non-TRM) were sorted from the tumor of 7 lung cancer patients.

  Dataset EGAD00001006812

• Sequencing data for oesophageal and related samples - Mourikis et al (RNA)

  Data supporting: "Patient-specific detection of cancer genes reveals recurrently perturbed processes in esophageal adenocarcinoma." Mourikis et al. RNAseq (BAM files) 137 samples

  Dataset EGAD00001004776

• Whole genome, transcriptome and methylome profiling enhances actionable target discovery in high-risk paediatric cancer

  Zero Childhood Cancer is a precision medicine program to benefit children with poor-outcome, rare, relapsed or refractory cancer. Utilising tumour and germline whole genome sequencing (WGS) and RNA sequencing (RNAseq) across 252 tumours from high-risk paediatric cancer patients, we identified 968 reportable molecular aberrations (39.9% in WGS and RNAseq, 35.1% WGS-only, 25.0% RNAseq-only). 93.7% of patients had at least one germline or somatic aberration, 71.4% had therapeutic targets and 5.2% had a change in diagnosis. WGS identified pathogenic cancer-predisposing variants in 16.2% of patients. In 76 CNS tumours, methylome analysis confirmed diagnosis in 71.1% and contributed to a change of diagnosis in two cases (2.6%). To date 43 patients have received a recommended therapy, 38 of whom could be evaluated. A small but encouraging proportion of 31% showed some evidence of clinical benefit. Comprehensive molecular profiling resolved the molecular basis of virtually all high-risk cancers, which in some cases has significant clinical impact.

  Study EGAS00001004572

• IBD-dysplasia

  This data set concerns DNA copy number alterations and mutation data from 30 IBD-associated dysplastic lesions and 13 IBD-associated cancers. DNA was isolated from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded material. Whole-genome shallow seq and Truseq amplicon cancer panel (Illumina) were used for detection of DNA copy number alterations and gene mutations, respectively.

  Dataset EGAD00001005196

• Shallow whole genome sequencing from plasma DNA of BC, CRC and NSCLC patients

  This is the raw data obtained from shallow whole-genome sequencing of plasma DNA (plasma-Seq) for calling of somatic copy number alterations as well as focal amplifications and deletions from patients with breast, colorectal and non-small cell lung cancer.

  Dataset EGAD00001006288

• Single-Cell Genomic Analysis of Gastrointestinal Cancer

  Our study aimed to define the heterogeneity of gastrointestinal cancers at a single-cell resolution. We subjected single-cell suspensions derived from surgical resections of gastrointestinal cancer tissue, paired normal tissue, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) or their ex vivo cultures to high-throughput microfluidics based single-cell RNA and DNA sequencing. We analyzed the features of the tumor microenvironment including fibroblasts, endothelial cells, macrophages and lymphocytes to determine their contribution to tumor growth and progression. We also characterized the mechanisms of immunosuppression in these tumors. This analysis led to novel insights into the biology of the microenvironment and also enabled the identification of new treatment targets.

  Study phs001818

• Application of short-RNA-seq in post-mortem human hippocampi from the Calgary Brain Bank (CBB) to assess transcriptome-wide deregulation in processing of SINE Alu RNAs in Alzheimer’s disease

  Here, we investigate through short-RNA_seq in human hippocampi from the Calgary Brain Bank (CBB) whether Alu RNAs are processed in human brains, and whether their processing ratio is deregulated in brains of AD patients compared to healthy aging individuals.

  Study EGAS00001004973

• Exploring the heterogeneity of sarcoma using single cell sequencing

  Multi region samples are collected from patients, with consent, immediately after resection of the tumour. Samples are digested and sorted using FACS as single cells into lysis buffer. Cells are then stored until further processing for G&T-seq. After sequencing, we will explore intra-tumour heterogeneity using computational approaches to integrate RNA and DNA data onto the tumour phylogeny This data is part of a pre-publication release. For information on the proper use of pre-publication data shared by the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (including details of any publication moratoria), please see http://www.sanger.ac.uk/datasharing/ .

  Dataset EGAD00001006786

• Transcriptome sequencing of hepatocellular carcinoma biopsies (TACE study)

  Illumina-based RNA-Seq analysis of 93 liver samples. Biopsies of tumors and non-tumor tissues are included. Samples are stratified by response and non-response to TACE treatment.

  Dataset EGAD00001008158

• Whole genome sequence and RNA-seq data from paired tumour and germline samples from mesothelioma patients

  Whole genome sequencing from paired tumour and germline malignant pleural mesothelioma samples

  Dataset EGAD00001008341

• LCM-RNAseq on human lung macrophages

  In the reported study, we employed Laser Capture Microdissection (LCM) for the transcriptome profiling of lung macrophages cells populations as a function of location within the healthy tissue. In detail, macrophage mini-bulks (100 cells each) were collected by LCM from 4 healthy human donors in 5 different locations of the airways (a total of 20 biopsies), including parenchyma (L1 – lower left lobe (LLL); L6 – 80% distance from LLL tip), trachea (L2), bronchi (L3 – 1st/2nd generation; L5 – 3rd/4th generation) and processed for RNA-seq.

  Dataset EGAD00001008694

• RNA-seq of cells after injection into immunodeficient mice

  This dataset includes 73 samples profiled by high-throughput Illumina sequencing, in bam format, aligned to GRCh37. Normal human CD34+ cord blood (CB), bone marrow (BM), or post-natal thymus (PNT) cells were transduced with various combinations of T-ALL oncogenes, cultured in vitro on OP9-DL1 feeders for up to 25 days, and then transplanted into immunodeficient NSG or NRG mice. The samples were collected after development of frank leukemia in recipient mice.

  Dataset EGAD00001009751

• RNA-seq analysis of CCO+/CCO- hepatocytes in normal human liver

  RNAseq data from Passman et al 2023. Clonal CCO-deficient hepatocyte patches and nearby CCO-proficient hepatocytes were identified in morphologically normal human livers and sampled at varying distances along the PT-CV axis. Samples are characterised according to their location within the liver lobule, with "PT" denoting samples abutting the portal triad, "CV" denoting samples abutting the central hepatic vein, and "Mid" sampled acquired midway between these structures. Analysis was performed on an Illumina Nextseq using a high output kit and 100 single-end cycles.

  Dataset EGAD00001010033

• 1. Identidication of molecular biological mechanism associated with the development and prognosis of uterine cancer, uterine sarcoma, and endometrial hyperplasia / 2. Identification of molecular biological mechanism associated with the development of endometriosis and malignant transformation, ovarian cancer, fallopian tubal cancer, peritoneal cancer, and other malignant tumors in gynecological organs

  To clarify the biological difference between clear cell carcinoma and other histological subtypes in ovarian carcinomas by comparing copy number variants, and to identify molecular subtypes and carcinogenesis in clear cell ovarian carcinomas by whole-exome sequencing and RNA-sequencing. Then, characterize high-grade serous carcinomas by NGS-based, integrative genomic analyses, with focus on homologous recombination deficiency, molecular subtypes, prognostic factors and effectiveness of PARP inhibitor. Based on the results of whole-exome sequencing, an investigator-initiated, phase 2 clinical trial will be conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the PARP inhibitor olaparib in HRD-positive cases.

  Study JGAS000789

• RNA and whole-exome sequencing of 22 patients with non-small cell lung cancer

  Whole exome sequencing from pre-treatment samples and matched blood normals from 22 patients. Of these individuals, on-treatment samples are available for a subset of 18 patients. RNA sequencing from pre-treatment samples from 21 patients. Of these individuals, on-treatment samples are available for a subset of 15 patients.

  Dataset EGAD00001008733

• Non-coding mutations reveal cancer driver cistromes in luminal breast cancer

  Whole-genome sequencing of primary breast tumors enabled the identification of cancer driver genes and non-coding cancer driver plexuses from somatic mutations. However, differentiating between driver and passenger events among non-coding genetic variants remains a challenge to understand the etiology of cancer and inform the delivery of personalized cancer medicine. Herein, we reveal enrichment of non-coding mutations in cis-regulatory elements that cover a subset of transcription factors linked to tumor progression in luminal breast cancers. Using a cohort of 26 primary luminal ER+PR+ breast tumors, we compiled a catalogue of ~100,000 unique cis-regulatory elements from ATAC-seq data. Integrating this catalogue with somatic mutations from 350 publicly available breast tumor whole genomes, we identified four recurrently mutated individual cis-regulatory elements. By then partitioning the non-coding genome into cistromes, defined as the sum of binding sites for a transcription factor, we uncovered cancer driver cistromes for ten transcription factors, namely CTCF, ELF1, ESR1, FOSL2, FOXA1, FOXM1 GATA3, JUND, TFAP2A, and TFAP2C in luminal breast cancer. Nine of these ten transcription factors were shown to be essential for growth in breast cancer, with four exclusive to the luminal subtype. Collectively, we present a strategy to find cancer driver cistromes relying on quantifying the enrichment of non-coding mutations over cis-regulatory elements concatenated into a functional unit drawn from an accessible chromatin catalogue derived from primary cancer tissues.

  Study EGAS00001005235

• Somatic Mutation Profile by Next Generation Sequencing in HER2+ Breast Cancer

  The HER pathway is the driving force behind 30% of human breast cancers. It is important to understand how targeted therapies block different cellular pathways, and mechanisms of escape from this blockage. Therapies directed at HER2 establish a successful treatment paradigm, but de novo and acquired resistance exist. The HER signaling system is a complex network with four receptors and eleven ligands, a phosphorylation signaling cascade, and many transcription factors, all complicated by both positive and negative feedback circuits. Analysis of genomes, exomes and transcriptomes by next generation sequencing is aimed at uncovering the genetic factors responsible for patient responses to HER2-directed therapies. We are sequencing HER2-overexpressing cancers, in order to identify potential somatic changes that may better select patients who will benefit from therapy, to determine new targets that may overcome resistance, and to improve outcomes with known current HER2-targeted therapies. Whole exome capture sequencing will determine somatic mutation profiles in HER2-overexpressing tumors, to comprehensively characterize the somatic alterations, with the goal of identifying those patients most likely to respond, as well as discovering new targets that may overcome resistance to HER2-directed therapy. We augment the whole exome data with RNA-seq data to determine expression levels of somatic mutations we discover.

  Study phs000770

• An oncogenic enhancer-rearrangement causes concomitant deregulation of EVI1 and GATA2 in leukemia. Targeted resequencing of chromosomal regions centered on 3q21 and 3q26 in conjunction with RNA-Seq from Acute Myeloid Leukemia patients.

  Chromosomal rearrangements without gene-fusions have been implicated in leukemogenesis by causing deregulation of proto-oncogenes via relocation of cryptic regulatory DNA elements. AML with inv(3)/t(3;3) is associated with aberrant expression of the stem-cell regulator EVI1. Applying functional genomics and genome-engineering, we demonstrate that both 3q-rearrangements reposition a distal GATA2 enhancer to ectopically activate EVI1 and simultaneously confer GATA2 functional haploinsufficiency, previously identified as the cause of sporadic familial AML/MDS and MonoMac/Emberger syndromes. Genomic excision of the ectopic enhancer restored EVI1 silencing and led to growth inhibition and differentiation of AML cells, which could be replicated by pharmacologic BET-inhibition. Our data show that structural rearrangements involving chromosomal repositioning of enhancers can cause deregulation of two unrelated distal genes, with cancer as the outcome.

  Study EGAS00001000669

• IL-17 Signaling in Human iPSC-derived Midbrain Neurons in Parkinson's Disease

  To determine IL-17-induced global transcriptome changes in midbrain neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) from three sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and three age- and sex-machted controls, deep RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) of IL-17-treated and untreated PD and control iPSC-dderived midbrain neurons was performed. Total RNA was isolated from untreated and IL-17-treated cells with the TruSeq RNA Sample Preparation Kit v2 (Illumina). RNA libraries were quantified using the KAPA SYBR FAST ABI Prism Library Quantification Kit (Kapa Biosystems) and cluster generation was performed on the cBot with the TruSeq SR Cluster Kit v3 (Illumina). The sequencing run was performed on a HiSeq 1000 instrument (Illumina) using the indexed, 50 cycles single read (SR) protocol and the TruSeq SBS v3 Kit (Illumina). Image analysis and base calling resulted in .bcl files that were then converted into .fastQ files by the CASAVA1.8.2 software. FastQ files were aligned to the human genome (hg19) using STAR.and annotated with gencode.v19. DESeq2 was used to determine differential expression. Criteria to determine significantly dysregulated genes were as follows: adjusted p-value below 0.05 and log2FC (fold change) of greater than one. Only genes with a mean expression value of greater than one RPKM (reads per kilobase per million mapped reads) throughout the dataset were considered. Control and PD samples were analyzed as two independent datasets. Upon IL-17 treatment only 17 genes were found to be dysregulated in controls but 125 genes were dysregulated in iPSC-derived midbrain neurons from PD patients. The 125 IL-17-dependent genes in PD iPSC-derived neurons separated the treated from untreated PD samples using an unsupervised, hierarchical clustering applying an Euclidean distance metric. More detailed study information can be found in Sommer A, Maxreiter F, Krach F, Fadler T, Grosch J, Maroni M, Graef D, Eberhardt E, Riemenschneider MJ, Yeo GW, Kohl Z, Xiang W, Gage FH, Winkler J, Prots I, Winner B. Th17 Lymphocytes Induce Neuronal Cell Death in a Human iPSC-Based Model of Parkinson's Disease. Cell Stem Cell. 2018 Jul 5;23(1):123-131.e6. doi: 10.1016/j.stem.2018.06.015. PMID: 29979986

  Study phs001686

• University of Washington Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarker Study for Parkinson disease

  There is a clear need to develop biomarkers for Parkinson disease (PD) diagnosis and monitoring disease progression. In this study we evaluated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteins, which are known to be critically involved in PD or identified in our preliminary profiling studies, aptamers, and RNAs as potential PD biomarkers. Access to subjects for this study was via the Pacific Northwest Udall Center (PANUC) and the Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (ADRC) at the University of Washington and Oregon Health and Sciences University (OHSU). Using CSF samples from 30 well-characterized patients with PD and 30 age-, sex-matched healthy controls, we prepared RNA seq libraries and performed deep sequencing of all RNA species, including small and long RNA, mRNAs, noncoding RNAs and differentially spliced transcripts. We then tried several methods for RNAseq data analysis to optimize our analysis pipeline. We identified a total of 3381 transcripts corresponding to 182 long intergenic RNAs (LincRNAs), 11 microRNAs (miRNAs), 2861 protein-coding transcripts, 200 pseudogenes and 127 antisense RNAs; some of them were differentially expressed between PD and control groups. Selected differentially expressed RNAs have been validated in the same set of CSF samples using real-time PCR (RT-PCR). Further validations in independent, larger cohorts of samples are still ongoing. Our results obtained so far suggested that CSF proteins and RNAs could be used as good indexes for PD diagnosis and disease severity/progression. This study is a part of the NIDDS-funded Parkinson's Disease Biomarkers Program (PDBP).

  Study phs000901

• SU2C-MARK Lung Cancer Consortium - Checkpoint Blockade Response Project

  Immune checkpoint inhibitors have become a critical part of the armamentarium against advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). While early studies have identified Tumor Mutation Burden (TMB) and PD-L1 staining as important biomarkers of response, they remain imperfect predictors. Here we describe a multi-institutional effort as part of the SU2C-MARK Lung Cancer Consortium in which Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) - and in select cases, RNA sequencing – was performed on a large collection of NSCLC samples prior to immune checkpoint blockade therapy, along with matched clinical response data following therapy. (Profiling of a small number of on- or post-treatment samples was also performed.) We anticipate this dataset to be of high value for the development of a deep understanding of the molecular determinants of immune checkpoint blockade response as well as the discovery of novel biomarkers.

  Study phs002822

• RNA-seq profiling of NKX6.1 reporter iPSC lines for isolation and analysis of functionally relevant neuronal and pancreas populations

  We generated human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines with a GFP reporter inserted in the endogenous NKX6.1 locus. Characterisation of the reporter lines demonstrated faithful GFP labelling of NKX6.1 expression during pancreas and motor neuron differentiation. We performed three independent in vitro differentiations towards the pancreatic endocrine lineage. We FACS-purified GFP positive and negative cells from stage 7 cultures, and generated Smart-Seq2 RNA-sequencing libraries for the pre-sorted cells, as well as the two GFP-sorted cell populations. Gene expression profiling by RNA-sequencing reveals that the NKX6.1-positive population closely resembles mature human beta cells and the functional evaluation of purified populations shows that the glucose-responsive beta-like cells are enriched within the NKX6.1-positive population. These reporter lines provide a valuable resource to the scientific community for the derivation of functional relevant pancreas and neuronal cell subtypes.

  Study EGAS00001002802

• Single cell RNA sequencing of colorectal cancer patients (KUL5)

  All libraries were sequenced on Illumina NextSeq or NovaSeq6000 until sufficient saturation was reached.

  Dataset EGAD00001008585

• EPITREAT pilot cohort

  Benchmark data set containing five tumor/normal pairs of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Tissue pairs were screened with bisulfite (BS) sequencing, MeDIP methylation enrichment sequencing and RNA sequencing in order to identify differentially methylated and expressed spots in the genomes.

  Dataset EGAD00001003116

• Type 1 Diabetes Genetics Consortium (T1DGC): Case-only RNA-Seq Study

  Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 82 T1D cases from the T1DGC study were fractionated by positive selection on magnetic beads into CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells and CD19+ B cells. RNA purification, library preparation and sequencing to an average of 50 million reads per sample were performed by the HudsonAlpha Genome Services Laboratory. The resulting dataset includes 82 subjects with data from at least one cell type; sequence data from all 3 cell types is available from 79 subjects. The individuals in this study can be linked to the phs000911 T1DGC ImmunoChip study via subject ids to obtain both genotypic and phenotypic information, including genotypes used for expression quantitative trait locus analysis.

  Study phs001426

• Resilience and Susceptibility Patterns in the Viral Immune Response Using RNA-Seq (ReSP VIRUS Study)

  This is a cross sectional study to investigate the relationship between nasal mucosa gene expression and clinical outcomes in infants with critical Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) infection. We collected nasal mucosa samples from infants admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit with polymerase chain reaction confirmed RSV bronchiolitis. Samples were obtained by mucosal scrape biopsy of the inferior turbinate using a sterile plastic curette and bulk RNA-sequencing of mRNA was performed. Clinical data was extracted from the electronic health record including: demographics, medical history, duration of symptoms, time from admission to sample collection, hospital and intensive care unit length of stay, and type and duration of respiratory support.

  Study phs003053

• Single-cell RNA-seq data of the tumor microenvironment of lymphocyte-rich Hodgkin lymphoma and other Hodgkin lymphoma subtypes

  Lymphocyte-rich classic Hodgkin lymphoma (LR-CHL) is a rare subtype of Hodgkin lymphoma. Recent technical advances have allowed for the characterization of specific crosstalk mechanisms between malignant Hodgkin Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells and different normal immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of CHL. However, the TME of LR-CHL has not yet been characterized at single cell resolution. Here, using single cell RNA sequencing, we examined the immune cell profile of 8 cell suspension samples of LR-CHL in comparison to 20 samples of the mixed cellularity (9 cases) and nodular sclerosis (11 cases) subtypes of CHL, as well as 5 reactive lymph node controls.

  Study EGAS00001005541

• Genomic and Genetic Analysis of Brain Tumors and Analysis of Their Clinicopathological Significance

  The treatment outcome of glioma patients remains disappointing, and more studies are needed to improve therapeutic strategies. In particular, it is crucial to understand the mechanisms underlying resistance to treatment and malignant transformation, as well as the intratumoral heterogeneity and interaction of tumor cells and host immunity. Recent advances in omics analysis techniques, such as next-generation sequencing (NGS), have enabled us to obtain omics data more easily and accelerated our ability to integrate this information and precisely characterize cases. In our project, we have already collected more than 100 pairs of human glioma/normal tissue samples, of which some are multiple specimens collected from initial and recurrent tumors, and some include multiple specimens collected from different regions within a single tumor. We used our in-house algorithms, composed of alignment and variant calling programs, to analyze omics data from multiple platforms, such as whole-exome sequencing (WES), RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), and methylation array, with our original cohort of glioma patients. Using several informatics tools, the information about genetic and epigenetic status and expression signatures were analyzed. Those data are expected to provide key information for investigating the mechanisms discussed above. Through this project, we hope to improve strategies for personalized therapy based on comprehensive omics data.

  Study JGAS000004

• RNA sequencing and Illumina 2.5M SNP array data collected from 675 commonly used human cancer cell lines.

  Tumor-derived cell lines have served as vital models to advance our understanding of oncogene function and therapeutic response1. Although substantial effort has been directed to defining the genomic constitution of cancer cell line panels2–4, the transcriptome – which represents the active program of a cell – remains understudied. Here, we describe RNA sequencing and SNP array analysis of 675 commonly used human cancer cell lines. We explore numerous transcriptome features including coding and non-coding gene expression, transcribed mutations, gene fusion and expression of non-human sequences. Aside from many known aberrations we find new surprising characteristics, including more than 2200 unique fusion gene pairs representing a vast, testable repertoire of oncogenic fusions, many of which have analogs found in primary human tumors. We show that a combination of multiple genome and transcriptome features in a novel pathway-based approach enhances prediction of response to various targeted therapeutics. Our results provide valuable new insights into these critical pre-clinical models and provide added context for interpreting the numerous studies that employ these widely used cell lines.

  Study EGAS00001000610

• MARS-seq dataset of five obese human subjects and a lean human subject

  Biopsies from visceral adipose tissue from the omental depot (OAT) were obtained from five obese individuals and one lean donor with participant informed consent obtained after the nature and possible consequences of the studies were explained under protocols approved by the Institutional Review Boards of the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, or the Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center. The obese donors underwent bariatric surgery, the lean donor underwent cholecystectomy. OAT samples were placed in 1 mL of DMEM, and finely minced under sterile conditions before digestion in 50 mL of DMEM with 3 mg/1 mL collagenase IV (Gibco). Samples were incubated at 37°C in a rotating oven for 20-60 min. Adipocyte and stromal vascular fractions (SVF) were separated by centrifugation, and red blood cells (RBCs) were removed from the SVF by histopaque gradient (Sigma). Single-cell RNA-sequencing libraries were prepared using the MARS-seq pipeline, and sequenced on the MiSeq 500 or HiSeq 2500 Sequencing System (Illumina).

  Dataset EGAD00001005100

• Upper cortical layer-driven network impairment in schizophrenia - 10x genomics v3 snRNA-seq and Visium spatial transcriptomics datasets

  This dataset contains 10x Genomics v3 3’ single nuclei RNA sequencing (24 human schizophrenia and control samples) and 10x Genomics Visium spatial transcriptomics (14 human schizophrenia and control samples) datasets. Files are in .bam format, output of the cellranger v3.1.0 (https://support.10xgenomics.com/single-cell-gene-expression/software/pipelines/3.1/using/count) for snRNA-seq and spaceranger v1.1.0 (https://support.10xgenomics.com/spatial-gene-expression/software/pipelines/1.1/using/count) for Visium samples. Reads were mapped against Release 97 of human genome from Ensembl (http://ftp.ensembl.org/pub/release-97/fasta/homo_sapiens/dna/Homo_sapiens.GRCh38.dna.primary_assembly.fa.gz http://ftp.ensembl.org/pub/release-97/gtf/homo_sapiens/Homo_sapiens.GRCh38.97.gtf.gz). More details on sample processing are available in the biorXiv pre-print (https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.17.386458) and upcoming publication in Science Advances. BAM files can be converted to fastq files using bamtofastq tool (https://support.10xgenomics.com/docs/bamtofastq) with downstream remapping using tools and genomes of choice.

  Dataset EGAD00001009173

• PsychENCODE Consortium: Epigenetic and Transcriptional Dysregulation in Autism Spectrum

  Our current understanding of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) delineates a highly heritable, yet etiologically heterogeneous disease. Forward genetic approaches to find disease associated mutations or common variation have been successful and continue to offer considerable power. Yet, given the accumulating evidence for very significant heterogeneity and environmental influences, complementary approaches to classic forward genetics become necessary. Genetic polymorphism and mutation data to date have identified dozens of causal or contributory variants, yet our preliminary data from autism brain suggest that common molecular pathways are involved in a significant subset of cases. This convergence at the tissue level suggests that other mechanisms, specifically epigenetic changes, combined with genetic background, are contributing to such final common pathways. We further tested this hypothesis by taking a comprehensive and integrative genome-wide approach to assessing brain gene-expression, miRNA levels and the related, causal epigenetic mechanisms in ASD etiology. We performed RNA-seq analyses of four cerebral cortical regions and cerebellum from ASD cases and controls, to assess mRNA, miRNA, and splicing isoform regulation. In parallel, we identified key differences in chromatin state and DNA methylation across multiple brain regions in the same ASD and control individuals used in the expression analyses using ChIP-Seq and MeDIP. We assessed the mechanisms by which changes in DNA methylation, histone modification, and DNA sequence contribute to the observed differences in gene expression. This work, which represents an unprecedented effort to unify these often disparate data (usually produced without integration in mind), delineates potential shared molecular pathways in ASD and the underlying mechanism of these differences at the level of miRNA, the chromatin regulatory apparatus, and DNA methylation. The following substudies are part of the PsychENCODE release at dbGaP and offer additional molecular data: PsychENCODE: RNA-Sequencing - SRRM4 Splicing Study phs000872 PsychENCODE: Global Changes in Patterning, Splicing and lncRNAs phs001061 PsychENCODE: Chromatin Contact Map in Fetal Cortical Laminae phs001190 PsychENCODE: Epigenetic Dysregulation in Autism Spectrum Disorder phs001220

  Study phs001022

• Drug-induced epigenomic plasticity reprograms circadian rhythm regulation to drive prostate cancer towards androgen-independence (ChIP-seq)

  Understanding how prostate cancer cells adapt to AR-targeted interventions is critical for identifying novel drug targets to improve the clinical management of treatment-resistant disease. Our study revealed an enzalutamide-induced epigenetic plasticity towards pro-survival signaling, and uncovered circadian regulator ARNTL as an acquired vulnerability after AR inhibition, presenting a novel clinical lead for therapeutic development.

  Study EGAS00001006017

• ScRNA-seq of PBMC and whole blood samples reveals a dysregulated myeloid cell compartment in severe COVID-19

  In a dual-center, two-cohort study, we performed single-cell RNA-sequencing of whole blood and peripheral blood mononuclear cells to determine changes in immune cell composition and activation in mild vs. severe COVID-19 over time. This study provides detailed insights into the systemic immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and reveals profound alterations in the myeloid cell compartment associated with severe COVID-19.

  Study EGAS00001004571

• RNA-sequencing of ex vivo exhausted human antigen-specific T cells

  Tumor-specific T cells are frequently exhausted by chronic antigenic stimulation. To explore new pathways for reinvigoration of anti-tumor immune functions, we developed a human ex vivo exhaustion model by repetitive antigenic stimulation of primary CD8 T cells. This results in T cells that resemble patient-derived T cells in tumors on a phenotypic and transcriptional level. Four human healhy donor CD8+ T cells were isolated, transduced with an NY-ESO-1 TCR lentivirus construct, stimulated in four different conditions (Trested, Ttumor, Tex, Teff) with T2 tumor cells and specific peptides over 12 days. Cells were then sorted for TCR Vbeta 13.1+ (NY-ESO-1 TCR) CD8+ CD3+ CD56- CD4- DAPI- cells. RNA-seq TruSeq libraries were generated from polyA-enriched mRNA isolated from the samples, and sequenced in paired-end mode (2x51bp) on 2 lanes of an Illumina NovaSeq 6000 flow-cell. FASTQ sequence files were generated with the Illumina RTA version 3.4.4 and Base-calling Version bcl2fastq-2.20.0.422.

  Dataset EGAD00001009754

• Sex Chromosome Aneuploidy Effects on Human Gene Expression

  Sex chromosome aneuploidy (SCA) syndromes are defined by the presence of a sex chromosome complement other than the typical XX for females and XY for males. SCAs are collectively common and increase risks for diverse immune, metabolic, and neuropsychiatric illnesses. Understanding genome-wide transcriptomic changes in SCAs is critical for clarifying the biological underpinnings of their clinical phenotypes. Assessments of sex chromosome dosage (SCD) effects on gene expression in humans have often been confined to the use of a few SCA subtypes (e.g., XO or XXY) - precluding analysis of the same SCD change in different contexts. Our study used RNA-seq data from lymphoblastoid cell lines in 197 individuals representing diverse SCA karyotypes (49 XX, 24 XXX, 39 XY, 39 XXY, 23 XXYY, 23 XYY) to assess expression changes for 25,075 genes in multiple pairwise SCD group comparisons. The paper reporting our findings has been cited below.

  Study phs003278

• Transcriptome of human trophoblast stem cells derived from normal and HDP placentas

  Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) is a disease driven by abnormal placenta formation, which is a leading cause of maternal and fetal death. For investigation of genetic and epigenetic regulation of human trophoblast differentiation, we have previously established human trophoblast stem cells (hTSCs) from first-trimester placentas. Those hTSCs were able to differentiate into extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) and syncytiotrophoblasts (STs), and their transcriptome was similar to that of cytotrophoblasts in human placenta. However, since HDP happens in the second half of pregnancy, the conventional hTSC derivation method was not enough to investigate the nature of HDP trophoblasts. In this analysis, we improved the derivation method and successfully established the hTSCs from normal and HDP term placentas after delivery. We performed RNA-seq of normal and HDP hTSCs, and HDP hTSCs recapitulated abnormalities in gene expression reported in HDP placentas.

  Study JGAS000660

• Single cell RNAseq of PBMC from RCC patients

  Frozen PBMC samples containing at least 1 million cells were thawed for 1 minute at 37C and washed twice with RPMI complete media (10% FBS with glutamate and Pen/Strep). All of the samples had >80% viable cells. Sample processing for single-cell RNA-seq was done using Chromium Single Cell 3’ Library and Gel bead kit v2 (PN-120237) following manufacturer’s user guide (CG00052, 10x Genomics, Pleasanton, CA). The total cell density was used to impute the volume of single cell suspension needed in the reverse transcription (RT) master mix, aiming to achieve ~ 6,000 cells per sample. cDNAs and libraries were prepared following manufacturer’s user guide (10x Genomics). cDNA amplification and indexed libraries were prepared using 12 and 14 cycles of PCR, respectively. Libraries were profiled, quantified, and sequenced as 5’ single-cell gene expression libraries.

  Study EGAS00001004451

• The endometrial transcription landscape of MRKH syndrome

  The Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome (OMIM 277000) is characterized by agenesis of the uterus and upper part of the vagina in females with normal ovarian function. While genetic causes have been identified for a small subset of patients and epigenetic mechanisms presumably contribute to the pathogenic unfolding, too, the etiology of the syndrome has remained largely enigmatic. A comprehensive understanding of gene activity in the context of the disease is crucial to identify etiological components and their potential interplay. So far, this understanding is lacking, primarily due to the scarcity of samples and suitable tissue. In order to close this gap, we profiled endometrial tissue of uterus rudiments in a large cohort of MRKH patients using RNA-seq and thereby provide a genome-wide view on the altered transcription landscape of the MRKH syndrome.

  Study EGAS00001004601

• Network-based systems pharmacology identifies heterogeneity in LCK and BCL2 signaling and differential vulnerability of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia to targeted therapy

  T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive hematological malignancy, and novel therapeutics are much needed. Profiling patient leukemia’ drug sensitivities ex vivo, we discovered striking inter-patient variability in T-ALL response to a panel of targeted agents. Applying network-based systems pharmacology analyses, by integrating ex vivo pharmacotyping, bulk and single-cell RNA-seq, genomics, phospho-proteomics, and genome-wide CRISPR screening data, to examine signal circuitry, we identified the pharmacogenomic basis of T-ALL drug response and revealed a therapeutic vulnerability that is directly related to the developmental stage of leukemia cells. In conclusion, our results indicate that heterogeneity in the differentiation of T-ALL drives activation of key signaling pathways in this leukemia, providing unique opportunities for targeted therapy.

  Study EGAS00001004700

• single nuclei RNASeq of 5 regions of the human prenatal brain

  Data generated through single nuclei RNA sequencing on 5 regions of the brain (frontal cortex, ganglionic eminence, hippocampus, thalamus and cerebellum) from 3 fetuses (two of 14 and one of 15 post-conception weeks, all female). Tissue was acquired from the MRC-Wellcome Trust Human Developmental Biology Resource (HDBR) with ethical approval. snRNA-seq libraries were prepared from ∼10,000 nuclei from each sample using Chromium Single Cell 3ʹ (v3) reagents (10X Genomics). Quality control of libraries was performed using the Agilent 5200 Fragment Analyzer before sequencing on an Illumina NovaSeq 6000 to a depth of at least 865 million (median = 1.01 billion) read pairs per library. Raw sequencing data were converted into FASTQ files. For a full description of data generation, please see Cameron et al, Biological Psychiatry 2022, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.06.033.

  Study EGAS00001006537

• WXS and RNA-seq raw sequence data for TG project

  WXS sequence data from 112 samples, RNA-seq sequence data from 117 samples, all sequence data are raw sequence data in fastq format, sequenced by Illumina platform.

  Dataset EGAD00001007989

• Sequencing of Coding and Non-coding Regions in Primary Breast Cancers and Patient-matched Controls

  Genomic analysis of tumor samples has led to the identification of hundreds of cancer genes based on the presence of mutations in protein-coding regions. By contrast, much less is known about cancer-causing mutations in non-coding regions. Here, we performed deep sequencing in 360 primary breast cancers and developed computational methods to identify significantly mutated promoters. Clear signals were found in the promoters of four genes. FOXA1, a known driver of hormone-receptor positive breast cancer, harbors a mutational hotspot in its promoter that leads to overexpression through increased E2F binding. RMRP and NEAT1, two non-coding RNA genes, carry mutations that alter protein binding to the promoter and impact expression levels. Overall, our study shows that recurrent mutations in or near gene promoters in cancers have functional consequences. Power analyses indicate that more such genes remain to be discovered through deep sequencing of adequately sized patient cohorts.

  Study phs001250

• AC-ICAM: An Atlas and Compass of Immune-CAncer-Microbiome Interactions in Colon Cancer

  Fresh frozen tumor samples and matched normal colon specimens from chemotherapy naïve, consecutive patients with a histological diagnosis of colon adenocarcinoma at Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC) were subjected to multi-omics profiling at Sidra Integrated Genomics Services, part of Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar. This resulted in a high-quality dataset of samples collected between 2001 and 2015. Multi-step QC was performed, including assessment of the quality of the nucleic acid extraction, sequencing, and genetic concordance between DNA/RNA sequences from the same patient. After QC, this resulted in RNA sequencing on 348 tumor samples, whole exome sequencing (WES) on 281 tumor-normal sample pairs (n=562 samples), TCR sequencing of the TCR β locus (TRB) for 114 tumor and 10 matched normal samples, and 16S rDNA sequencing on 246 tumor-normal sample pairs (n=492 samples) and 42 tumor only samples, and 167 WGS non human-aligned reads of the tumor samples. Extensive clinicopathological and survival data of the cohort are available. The median follow-up time for this cohort is 4.6 years, and the distribution of gender and pathological stage are within expected ranges for this patient population with a mean age of 68. We refer to this resource as the Sidra-LUMC (SILU) colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) Atlas and Compass of Immune-Colon cancer-Microbiome interactions (AC-ICAM)."Reprinted from Nature Medicine,Roelands, J., Kuppen, P.J.K., Ahmed, E.I. et al. An integrated tumor, immune and microbiome atlas of colon cancer. Nat Med (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-023-02324-5, with permission from Nature."

  Study phs002978

• PD-L1 blockade immunotherapy rewires cancer-induced emergency myelopoiesis

  HSPCs were sorted as CD34+ cells from bone marrow of patients with Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL). Control samples were isolated before initiating treatment.These were compared to samples from two additional HL patients who had relapsed and were being treated with nivolumab. Nivolumab was administered at a dose of 240 mg every two weeks, with BM samples collected the day before the scheduled dose. The patients receiving nivolumab were in remission at the time of BM collection. RNA was extracted using Arcturus™ PicoPure™ RNA Isolation Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific, #12204-01) ` instructions. Paired-end sequencing was reads were generated for each sample in the Illumina Novaseq 6000 system.

  Dataset EGAD00001015403

• Whole exome and RNA sequencing data from urothelial bladder cancer patients treated with anti-PD-(L)1

  We have generated and analyzed genomic data from a cohort of metastatic urothelial carcinoma patients treated with ICI such as anti-PD-(L)1 monoclonal antibodies. The dataset contains whole exome sequencing data of 27 whole blood samples and 27 FFPE tumor samples. Further, it includes RNA sequencing data from 21 tumor samples. Following the RECIST criteria, 10 patients were classified as non-responders to the treatment, and 17 were responders. The dataset also contains a merged vcf file containing somatic mutations called by Strelka2 and Mutect2 following the gatk best practice pipeline.

  Dataset EGAD00001010324

• Single cell RNA sequencing of colorectal cancer patients (CRC-SG1)

  Fresh single-cell suspensions were loaded into the Chromium system (10x Genomics) targeting 5,000 cells per well. Barcoded sequencing libraries were generated using 3’v3 Reagent kit.

  Study EGAS00001006013

• Sequencing files for "A Unifying Paradigm for Transcriptional Heterogeneity and Squamous Features in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma."

  Files from DNA and RNA sequencing from primary tumors and metastases from pancreatic cancer patients along with matched normal tissues.

  Dataset EGAD00001005519

• lymphoma plasma cfRNA

  Dataset contains total RNA sequencing data from plasma of 65 different human donors: 30 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and 13 primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma (PMBCL) patients, and 22 cancer-free controls. Samples were sequenced on a NovaSeq 6000 and are provided in FASTQ format.

  Dataset EGAD00001010259

• Cellular Indexing of Transcriptomes and Epitopes Sequencing (CITE-Seq) Analysis to Investigate the Impact of Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor on CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Edited Human Hematopoietic Stem Cell Function

  Our research using in-vivo preclinical xenograft mouse models demonstrated that G-CSF impedes engraftment of CRISPR-Cas9 gene edited human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). In this CITE-seq study, we sought to investigate the mechanisms by which G-CSF negatively impacts long-term repopulating functions of CRISPR-Cas9 gene edited human HSCs. Accordingly, human CD34+ cells were obtained from a healthy volunteer and edited with Cas9 alone (Cas9 group), Cas9+AAVS1-targeting gRNA (RNP group), or Cas9+AAVS1-targeting gRNA+GSE56 (RNP/GSE56 group). Then, these edited cells were transplanted into busulfan-conditioned NSG mice, and these mice subsequently received 3 days of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) or G-CSF. Each mouse was subsequently euthanized and harvested for bone marrow cells and human CD34+cells were isolated using immunomagnetic beads. Isolated CD34+ cells from a total of 6 mice were individually stained with Total seq B CITE-seq antibodies (CD38, CD45RA, CD90, CD49f) + hashtag oligo antibodies 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. Fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) was used to purify ~2,500 cells from each group that were subsequently pooled for CITE-seq library preparation and sequencing. Seurat was used to demultiplex data into 6 individual groups and differential gene expression analysis was performed to evaluate the impact of G-CSF within Cas9, RNP and RNP/GSE56 groups.

  Study phs003277

• Integrated single-cell profiling dissects cell-state-specific enhancer landscapes of human tumor infiltrating T cells.

  Despite extensive studies on the chromatin landscape of exhausted T cells, the transcriptional wiring underlying functional and dysfunctional states of human tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is incompletely understood. Here, we identify tissue-specific and general gene-regulatory landscapes in the wide breadth of CD8+ TIL functional states covering four cancer entities using single-cell chromatin profiling. We map enhancer-promoter interactions in human TILs by integrating single-cell chromatin accessibility with single-cell RNA-seq data from tumor entity-matching samples and prioritize key elements by super enhancer analysis. Our analysis reveals a human core chromatin trajectory to TIL dysfunction and identifies key enhancers, transcriptional regulators, and deregulated target genes involved in this process. Finally, we validate enhancer regulation at loci encoding PD1, TCF1, and TIM3 by targeting non-coding regulatory elements with potent CRISPR activators and repressors. In summary, our study advances the understanding of molecular regulation of TIL (dys-)function and provides a framework for modulating immunotherapeutic relevant TIL genes via their enhancers.

  Dataset EGAD00001008662

• Mutation tracking in single cell RNA-Seq reveals consequences of subclonal evolution in acute myeloid leukemia

  Total bone marrow from AML patients was FACS index sorted with staining for Lineage markers (Lin), CD33, CD34, CD38, CD45RA, CD90, CD99, Tim3 and GPR56, and enrichment for Lin- and Lin-CD34+ cells. Single cells were subjected to a modified smart-seq2 protocol with targeting of mutant sites of interest ("MutaSeq”).

  Study EGAS00001003414

• KRT17High/CXCL8+ Tumor Cells Display Both Classical and Basal Features and Regulate Myeloid Infiltration in the Pancreatic Cancer Microenvironment

  Recent studies have uncovered the co-existence of basal and classical subtypes within pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We sought to characterize these intermediary cells using single-cell RNA sequencing of PDAC. We performed subtyping on 18 single-cell RNA sequencing human PDAC samples to identify multiple intermediary subtypes. We compared single-cell profiling of patient-matched blood and tumor samples to measure changes in the local and systemic immune microenvironments in CXCL8-high tumors vs. CXCL8-low tumors. Finally, we leveraged longitudinally patient-matched blood over the course of chemotherapy. In our studies we identified a cluster of KRT17high intermediary cancer cells that uniquely express high levels of CXCL8 and other cytokines which in turn influence the myeloid compartment both locally and systemically. We utilized sequencing data from dbGaP study accession phs002070. In addition to that, we included sequencing from new specimens which are deposited to this submission, consisting of one additional tumor specimen and 5 PBMC samples, sequenced after chemotherapy (longitudinally matched to PBMC samples in phs002071.v1.p1). FASTQ files of these sequencing runs are available through this dbGaP submission.

  Study phs003436

• Systems Analysis of the PfSPZ Vaccine in Kenyan Infants

  The PfSPZ vaccine is a candidate vaccine targeting the Plasmodium falciparum parasite, which is the cause of the most lethal type of human malaria. This study used de-identified blood samples collected from 316 infants aged 5 to 12 months (inclusive) enrolled in a Phase 2, randomized, placebo-controlled trial (NCT02687373) of the PfSPZ malaria vaccine, conducted in a region of western Kenya where malaria transmission is high and perennial. The study began in July, 2016, after peak malaria transmission, and was completed in August, 2018. In this study, three doses of the PfSPZ Vaccine (4.5x105 PfSPZ, 9.0x105 PfSPZ, and 1.8x106 PfSPZ) were tested against a normal saline placebo comparator. In all four groups, doses were administered in 3 doses at 0, 8, and 16 weeks by direct venous inoculation. Vaccine efficacy was determined at 3, 6, and 12 months of follow-up after the third immunization. RNA was extracted from whole blood collected in PAXgene tubes before PfSPZ immunization, and two weeks after the third (final) dose, from 262 children for which sufficient material was available at both time points (82% of 316 enrolled children; 525 samples). RNA was depleted of globin and ribosome transcripts before library generation and sequencing on the Illumina NovaSeq platform. RNA-seq expression data was analyzed to determine blood transcriptional signatures, before and after PfSPZ vaccine immunization, that predicts sterile protection from naturally occurring P. falciparum infection or delayed parasitemia at 3 months post-immunization. Gene expression data will also be correlated to P. falciparum-specific IgG antibody and cellular responses to identify possible molecular correlates of vaccine-induced immunogenicity

  Study phs002196

• Genomic Profiling of Melanoma

  This study reports on genomic profiling (whole-exome sequencing (WXS), bulk RNA sequencing, and/or single-cell RNA sequencing) of patient-derived melanoma samples and matched normal samples. The goal is to elucidate the genetic and cellular basis of sun-exposed and sun-shielded melanomas and to relate these findings to survival and regional metastasis. Specimens were collected by the Tissue Resource Core of the Yale SPORE in Skin Cancer with participants' informed signed consent according to Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) regulations with a Human Investigative Committee protocol. The melanomas used for sequencing were from fresh or snap-frozen tumors, or from short-term cell cultures. The cell cultures were routinely checked for mycoplasma contamination and were discarded when found positive. Matching normal DNA was from circulating lymphocytes or normal skin. We also include 77 WES-sequenced samples from the Yale Spitzoid neoplasm repository, which collects specimen and data according to a protocol approved by the Yale Human Investigative Committee.

  Study phs000933

• Integrated Single-Cell Genetic and Transcriptional Analysis Suggests Novel Drivers of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

  Intratumoral genetic heterogeneity has been characterized across cancers by genome sequencing of bulk tumors, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). In order to more accurately identify subclones, define phylogenetic relationships, and probe genotype-phenotype relationships, we developed methods for targeted mutation detection in DNA and RNA isolated from thousands of single cells from five CLL samples. By clearly resolving phylogenic relationships, we uncovered mutated LCP1 and WNK1 as novel CLL drivers, supported by functional evidence demonstrating their impact on CLL pathways. Integrative analysis of somatic mutations with transcriptional states prompts the idea that convergent evolution generates phenotypically similar cells in distinct genetic branches, thus creating a cohesive expression profile in each CLL sample despite the presence of genetic heterogeneity. Our study highlights the potential for single-cell RNA-based targeted analysis to sensitively determine transcriptional and mutational profiles of individual cancer cells leading to increased understanding of driving events in malignancy. Reprinted from Genome Research, with permission from Publisher.

  Study phs001372

• Hyperdiploid Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia RNA-Seq

  Few genetic drivers of children with hyperdiploid precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have been identified to date. In an effort to detect novel genomic rearrangements that could be promoting leukemogenesis in this subset of patients, we sequenced ribosomal RNA-depleted transcriptomes isolated from 5 hyperdiploid acute lymphoblastic leukemia samples. In addition to looking for novel genomic rearrangements, we also sought to identify transcripts that could be created as a result of a novel posttranscriptional process. Surprisingly, we identified transcripts created as the result of exon circularization. The results of our studies are present in the paper "Circular RNAs Are the Predominant Transcript Isoform from Hundreds of Human Genes in Diverse Cell Types" published in PLoS ONE (PMID: 22319583).

  Study phs000522

• single-cell RNA-seq Case-Control study of children progressing to Type1 diabetes

  Single-cell RNA sequencing was carried out on four selected PBMC samples of Finnish children at risk of developing Type 1 diabetes and their gender age and HLA matched control children using 10X genomic platform. All four Case children were positive for multiple islet specific autoantibodies and two of them also progressed to clinical disease during the follow up whereas the control children remain negative for all autoantibodies. Age at seroconversion for Case 2, 3, 5, and 9 children is 12, 18, 24, and 18 months, respectively. Age at sampling, in months, for the pairs was as follows (Case/Control): pair 2:24/24; pair 3: 12/18; pair 5: 12/12; pair 9:24/18.

  Study EGAS00001004070

• Tumor-derived exosomes modulate PD-L1 expression in monocytes

  In chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), monocytes and macrophages are skewed toward protumorigenic phenotypes, including the release of tumor-supportive cytokines and the expression of immunosuppressive molecules such as programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1). To understand the mechanism driving protumorigenic skewing in CLL, we evaluated the role of tumor cell–derived exosomes in the cross-talk with monocytes. We carried out RNA sequencing and proteome analyses of CLL-derived exosomes and identified noncoding Y RNA hY4 as a highly abundant RNA species that is enriched in exosomes from plasma of CLL patients compared with healthy donor samples. Transfer of CLL-derived exosomes or hY4 alone to monocytes resulted in key CLL-associated phenotypes, including the release of cytokines, such as C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), CCL4, and interleukin-6, and the expression of PD-L1. These responses were abolished in Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7)–deficient monocytes, suggesting exosomal hY4 as a driver of TLR7 signaling. Pharmacologic inhibition of endosomal TLR signaling resulted in a substantially reduced activation of monocytes in vitro and attenuated CLL development in vivo. Our results indicate that exosome-mediated transfer of noncoding RNAs to monocytes contributes to cancer-related inflammation and concurrent immune escape via PD-L1 expression.

  Study EGAS00001002377

• Single-cell RNA sequencing of chemotherapy-resistant muscle-invasive urothelial bladder cancer

  All single-cell mRNA sequencing data were acquired from a single patient (BC159-T#3) and patient-derived xenografts (BC159-T#3-PDX-vehicle and BC159-T#3-PDX-tipifarnib).

  Study EGAS00001004233

• Genomic characterisation of SDH deficient renal cell carcinoma - RNA

  SDH deficient renal cell carcinomas are a rare and recently defined subtype of kidney cancer, often associated with an inherited mutation in one of the SDH gene subunits. This dataset sought to understand the genomic events that underpin tumour formation, from putative cell of origin, characterisation of the tumour microenvironment, to the genomic evolution of these rare tumours. We performed whole genome and RNA sequencing of 4 patients with SDH deficient renal cell carcinomas, including one patient who had an additional paraganglioma. An addition patient in this cohort had the initial diagnosis revised to a clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

  Dataset EGAD00001008470

• Epigenomics of Human CD8 T cell Differentiation and Aging

  The efficacy of the adaptive immune response declines dramatically with age, but the cell-intrinsic mechanisms driving the changes characteristic of immune aging in humans remain poorly understood. One hallmark of immune aging is the loss of self-renewing naive cells and the accumulation of differentiated but dysfunctional cells within the CD8 T cell compartment. Using ATAC-seq, we first inferred the transcription factor binding activities that maintain the naive and central and effector memory CD8 T cell states in young adults. Integrating our results with RNA-seq, we determined that BATF, ETS1, Eomes, and Sp1 govern transcription networks associated with specific CD8 T cell subset properties, including activation and proliferative potential. Extending our analysis to aged humans, we found that the differences between memory and naive CD8 T cells were largely preserved across age, but that naive and central memory cells from older individuals exhibited a shift toward a more differentiated pattern of chromatin openness. Additionally, aged naive cells displayed a loss in chromatin openness at gene promoters, a phenomenon that appears to be due largely to a loss in binding by NRF1, leading to a marked drop-off in the ability of the naive cell to initiate transcription of mitochondrial genes. Our findings identify BATF- and NRF1-driven gene regulation as targets for delaying CD8 T cell aging and restoring T cell function.

  Study phs001187

• Control of Focal Adhesion Kinase Activation by RUNX1-regulated miRNAs in high-risk AML

  We recently described a 16-gene expression signature for improved risk stratification of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients called the AML Prognostic Score (APS). A subset of APS high-risk AML patients showed increased levels of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), encoded by the Protein Tyrosine Kinase 2 (PTK2) gene, which was correlated with RUNX1 mutations. RUNX1 mutant cells are more sensitive to PTK2 inhibitors. As we were not able to detect RUNX1 binding sites in the PTK2 promoter, we hypothesized that RUNX1 might regulate micro(mi)RNAs that repress PTK2, such that loss-of-function RUNX1 mutations would result in reduced miRNA expression and derepression of PTK2. Examination of paired RNA-seq and miRNA-seq data from 301 AML cases revealed two miRNAs that positively correlated with RUNX1 expression, contained RUNX1 binding sites in their promoters and were predicted to target PTK2. We show that the hsa-let7a-2-3p and hsa-miR-135a-5p promoters are regulated by RUNX1, and that PTK2 is a direct target of both miRNAs. Even in the absence of RUNX1 mutations, hsa-let7a-2-3p and hsa-miR-135a-5p regulate PTK2 expression, and reduced expression of these two miRNAs sensitizes AML cells to PTK2 inhibition. These data explain how RUNX1 regulates PTK2, and identify potential miRNA biomarkers for targeting AML with PTK2 inhibitors.

  Study EGAS00001006491

• Single cell transcriptomics of hESC-derived midbrain dopaminergic neurons generated by a new human development-based protocol

  Recent advances in stem cell technologies provide new opportunities for regenerative medicine and Parkinson’s disease modelling. However, the precise composition and quality of human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived preparations at the single cell level, compared to endogenous brain standards, remains to be determined. In addition, multiple developmental pathways important for midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neuron development remain to be implemented in hESCs. Here we use mouse developmental knowledge and human single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) data to generate a new development-based protocol to differentiate hESCs into mDA neurons. We found that Laminin 511, dual WNT activation with CHIR99021 and WNT5A, together with FGF8b, improved different aspects of midbrain patterning. Moreover, mDA neurogenesis and differentiation were enhanced by activation of liver X receptors and inhibition of fibroblast growth factor signaling. Analysis of hESC-derived midbrain cultures by scRNA-seq revealed multiple hESC-derived clusters, which resembled those in the endogenous human ventral midbrain. Moreover, high quality mDA neurons were detected and found to progressively acquire functionality in vitro. Thus, we hereby provide a hESC differentiation protocol that recapitulates several aspects of endogenous mDA neuron development, and a strategy to determine cell composition and quality of hESC-derived preparations that can be useful for disease modeling and cell therapy.

  Study EGAS00001006313

• Patient-tailored design for selective co-inhibition of leukemic cell subpopulations

  The extensive primary and secondary drug resistance in many cancer types requires rational approaches to design personalized and selective combinatorial therapies that do not only show synergistic effect in overall cancer cell killing but also result in minimal toxic side effects on non-malignant cells. To address the combinatorial explosion in the number of relevant combinations, we implemented a machine learning approach that prioritizes patient-customized drug combinations with a desired synergy-efficacy-toxicity balance by combining single-cell RNA-sequencing with ex vivo single-agent testing in scarce patient-derived primary cells. When applied to two diagnostic and two refractory AML patient cases, each with a different genetic background, our integrated approach accurately predicted patient-specific combinations that were shown to result not only in synergistic cancer cell co-inhibition but were also capable of targeting specific AML cell subpopulations that emerge in differing stages of disease pathogenesis or treatment regimens. Our data-driven approach provides an unbiased means for systematic identification of personalized combinatorial regimens that selectively co-inhibit leukemic cells while avoiding inhibition of non-malignant cells, and highlight the relevance of considering cell heterogeneity for personalized cancer therapy.

  Study EGAS00001004614

• Merkel Cell Carcinoma Tissue and Data Repository

  Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare, aggressive neuroendocrine skin cancer with increasing incidence in the United States. In this study we performed the first whole genome sequencing of three Merkel cell carcinomas with their matched normal tissues for somatic variant calling. From these data we describe the likely mechanism of Merkel cell polyomavirus integration and focal host genomic amplifications in two tumors and the dominance of UV-mediated mutagenesis in a virus-negative tumor. We also performed poly-A RNA sequencing on a total of six Merkel cell carcinomas to address expression differences between virus-positive and virus-negative MCC.

  Study phs002189

• The aim of this study was to identify underlying hub genes and dysregulated pathways associated with the development of HCC using bioinformatics analysis.

  In the present study, we identified differentially expressed protein-coding genes from RNA transcriptional profiling performed on 11 paired cancer tissues and adjacent non-cancerous tissues. Then, we conducted GO, KEGG, PPI network and centralities analyses to study and identify changes in pathways and hub genes. The aim of this study was to improve understanding of HCC carcinogenesis by providing information concerning the genetic changes that occur during disease progression and to uncover the expression of biomarkers with potential use for clinical diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of disease progression.

  Study EGAS00001002526

• Genomic Characterization CS-MATCH-0007 Arm I

  The CS-MATCH-0007 protocol is part of a collaboration between the Center for Cancer Genomics (CCG) and the Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (DCTD) to perform whole-exome sequencing and RNA sequencing using pre-and post-treatment tumor biopsy specimens from patients enrolled on a treatment arm of the NCI-MATCH Clinical Trial (EAY131). The goal of this study is to identify the molecular basis for response and resistance to targeted therapies that are matched to specific genomic alterations found in their cancers. Arm I is one of the treatment sub-protocols within the NCI-MATCH Clinical Trial (EAY131) where patients with PIK3CA mutations (without KRAS Mutation or PTEN Loss) are treated with Taselisib. This subprotocol is one of the treatment arms included in the CS-MATCH-0007 protocol and will provide specimens for the program including DNA from tumor tissue and whole blood.

  Study phs002181

• Genomic Characterization CS-MATCH-0007 Arm W

  The CS-MATCH-0007 protocol is part of a collaboration between the Center for Cancer Genomics (CCG) and the Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (DCTD) to perform whole-exome sequencing and RNA sequencing using pre-and post-treatment tumor biopsy specimens from patients enrolled on a treatment arm of the NCI-MATCH Clinical Trial (EAY131). The goal of this study is to identify the molecular basis for response and resistance to targeted therapies that are matched to specific genomic alterations found in their cancers. Arm W is one of the treatment sub-protocols within the NCI-MATCH Clinical Trial (EAY131) where patients with FGFR fusions, mutations, amplifications are treated with AZD4547. This subprotocol is one of the treatment arms included in the CS-MATCH-0007 protocol and will provide specimens for the program including tumor tissue and whole blood.

  Study phs001948

• Genomic Characterization CS-MATCH-0007 Arm Z1A

  The CS-MATCH-0007 protocol is part of a collaboration between the Center for Cancer Genomics (CCG) and the Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (DCTD) to perform whole-exome sequencing and RNA sequencing using pre-and post-treatment tumor biopsy specimens from patients enrolled on a treatment arm of the NCI-MATCH Clinical Trial (EAY131). The goal of this study is to identify the molecular basis for response and resistance to targeted therapies that are matched to specific genomic alterations found in their cancers. Arm Z1A is one of the treatment sub-protocols within the NCI-MATCH Clinical Trial (EAY131) where patients with NRAS mutations are treated with Binimetinib. This subprotocol is one of the treatment arms included in the CS-MATCH-0007 protocol and will provide specimens for the program including DNA from tumor tissue and whole blood.

  Study phs001973

• Genomic Characterization CS-MATCH-0007 Arm B

  The CS-MATCH-0007 protocol is part of a collaboration between the Center for Cancer Genomics (CCG) and the Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (DCTD) to perform whole-exome sequencing, RNA sequencing and if possible, whole-genome, methylation and miRNA sequencing using pre-and post-treatment tumor biopsy specimens from patients enrolled on a treatment arm of the NCI-MATCH clinical trial (EAY131). The goal of this study is to identify the molecular basis for response and resistance to targeted therapies that are matched to specific genomic alterations found in their cancers. Arm B is one of the treatment sub-protocols within the NCI-MATCH Clinical Trial (EAY131) where patients with HER2- activating mutations are treated with Afatinib. This subprotocol is one of the treatment arms included in the CS-MATCH-0007 protocol and will provide specimens for the program including DNA from tumor tissue and whole blood.

  Study phs002028

• Genomic Characterization CS-MATCH-0007 Arm R

  The CS-MATCH-0007 protocol is part of a collaboration between the Center for Cancer Genomics (CCG) and the Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (DCTD) to perform whole-exome sequencing and RNA sequencing using pre-and post-treatment tumor biopsy specimens from patients enrolled on a treatment arm of the NCI-MATCH Clinical Trial (EAY131). The goal of this study is to identify the molecular basis for response and resistance to targeted therapies that are matched to specific genomic alterations found in their cancers. Arm R is one of the treatment sub-protocols within the NCI-MATCH Clinical Trial (EAY131) where patients with BRAF fusions, non-V600K or non-V600E mutations, are treated with Trametinib. This subprotocol is one of the treatment arms included in the CS-MATCH-0007 protocol and will provide specimens for the program including DNA from tumor tissue and whole blood.

  Study phs002029

• Genomic Characterization CS-MATCH-0007 Arm Z1I

  The CS-MATCH-0007 protocol is part of a collaboration between the Center for Cancer Genomics (CCG) and the Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (DCTD) to perform whole-exome sequencing and RNA sequencing using pre-and post-treatment tumor biopsy specimens from patients enrolled on a treatment arm of the NCI-MATCH Clinical Trial (EAY131). The goal of this study is to identify the molecular basis for response and resistance to targeted therapies that are matched to specific genomic alterations found in their cancers. Arm Z1I is one of the treatment sub-protocols within the NCI-MATCH Clinical Trial (EAY131) where patients with BRCA1, BRCA2 mutations are treated with AZD1775. This subprotocol is one of the treatment arms included in the CS-MATCH-0007 protocol and will provide specimens for the program including DNA from tumor tissue and whole blood.

  Study phs002058

• Genomic Characterization CS-MATCH-0007 Arm S2

  The CS-MATCH-0007 protocol is part of a collaboration between the Center for Cancer Genomics (CCG) and the Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (DCTD) to perform whole-exome sequencing and RNA sequencing using pre-and post-treatment tumor biopsy specimens from patients enrolled on a treatment arm of the NCI-MATCH Clinical Trial (EAY131). The goal of this study is to identify the molecular basis for response and resistance to targeted therapies that are matched to specific genomic alterations found in their cancers. Arm S2 is one of the treatment sub-protocols within the NCI-MATCH Clinical Trial (EAY131) where patients with GNAQ or GNA11 mutations are treated with Trametinib. This subprotocol is one of the treatment arms included in the CS-MATCH-0007 protocol and will provide specimens for the program including DNA from tumor tissue and whole blood.

  Study phs002178

• Genomic Characterization CS-MATCH-0007 Arm S1

  The CS-MATCH-0007 protocol is part of a collaboration between the Center for Cancer Genomics (CCG) and the Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (DCTD) to perform whole-exome sequencing and RNA sequencing using pre-and post-treatment tumor biopsy specimens from patients enrolled on a treatment arm of the NCI-MATCH Clinical Trial (EAY131). The goal of this study is to identify the molecular basis for response and resistance to targeted therapies that are matched to specific genomic alterations found in their cancers. Arm S1 is one of the treatment sub-protocols within the NCI-MATCH Clinical Trial (EAY131) where patients with NF1 mutations are treated with Trametinib. This subprotocol is one of the treatment arms included in the CS-MATCH-0007 protocol and will provide specimens for the program including DNA from tumor tissue and whole blood.

  Study phs002153

• Genomic Characterization CS-MATCH-0007 Arm U

  The CS-MATCH-0007 protocol is part of a collaboration between the Center for Cancer Genomics (CCG) and the Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (DCTD) to perform whole-exome sequencing and RNA sequencing using pre-and post-treatment tumor biopsy specimens from patients enrolled on a treatment arm of the NCI-MATCH Clinical Trial (EAY131). The goal of this study is to identify the molecular basis for response and resistance to targeted therapies that are matched to specific genomic alterations found in their cancers. Arm U is one of the treatment sub-protocols within the NCI-MATCH Clinical Trial (EAY131) where patients with NF2 loss are treated with Defactinib. This subprotocol is one of the treatment arms included in the CS-MATCH-0007 protocol and will provide specimens for the program including DNA from tumor tissue and whole blood.

  Study phs002179

• PDAC Prognosis Biomarkers in Genomic and Transcriptomic Molecular Data

  Our study was designed to identify biomarkers related to the prognosis of Pancreatic Ductal AdenoCarcinoma (PDAC) patients using genomic variants and gene expression in coding regions of the human genome (exome). PDAC is the 7th cause of cancer deaths and is among types of cancer having the poorest prognosis. To improve treatment outcomes of PDAC, biomarkers related to PDAC prognosis are needed. The goals of our study are to find genomic and transcriptomic biomarkers, which can classify prognosis subtype of PDAC patients, and eventually to predict subtypes or prognosis for each patient. In this study, we generated Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) and exome capture RNA sequencing data of 450 tumor and matched normal samples from 150 PDAC patients. Our data may be useful for understanding genomic and transcriptomic features, prognosis prediction, and precision medicine for PDAC.

  Study phs002347

• Strand-seq of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells along human aging

  Somatic mosaicism (SM), referring to the presence of somatic mutations in sub-populations of cells within healthy individuals, is associated with an increased risk of a variety of diseases, including cancer. Blood is at particularly high risk of SM, given its rapid turnover and functionally- heterogeneous cell-type composition. While the roles of point mutations and large-scale rearrangements in blood SM have been scrutinised in recent years, the functional impact of mosaic structural variants (mSVs) remains poorly understood. Using haplotype-resolved single-cell multi-omics based on Strand-seq technology, we explored the mSV landscape of human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs).

  Dataset EGAD00001009402

• Translation of non-canonical open reading frames as a cancer cell survival mechanism in childhood medulloblastoma

  A hallmark of high-risk childhood medulloblastoma is the dysregulation of RNA translation. Currently, it is unknown whether medulloblastoma dysregulates the translation of putatively oncogenic non-canonical open reading frames. To address this question, we performed ribosome profiling of 32 medulloblastoma tissues and cell lines and observed widespread non-canonical ORF translation. We then developed a step-wise approach to employ multiple CRISPR-Cas9 screens to elucidate functional non-canonical ORFs implicated in medulloblastoma cell survival. We determined that multiple lncRNA-ORFs and upstream open reading frames (uORFs) exhibited selective functionality independent of the main coding sequence. One of these, ASNSD1-uORF or ASDURF, was upregulated, associated with the MYC family oncogenes, and was required for medulloblastoma cell survival through engagement with the prefoldin-like chaperone complex. Our findings underscore the fundamental importance of non-canonical ORF translation in medulloblastoma and provide a rationale to include these ORFs in future cancer genomics studies seeking to define new cancer targets.

  Study EGAS00001007426

• Autism Post-Mortem Brain RNA-Sequencing: SRRM4 Splicing Study

  Purpose: The goal of this study was to assess the status of splicing changes in microexons in the cortex of individuals with autism. Methods: We performed RiboZero Gold (rRNA depleted) 50bp PE RNA-seq in a larger set of case and control samples to define 12 autism and 12 control samples showing the greatest global differential gene expression change. These samples, which show differential expression of the splicing regulator SRRM4, were used to evaluate global splicing changes. Results: Within these samples, 126 of 504 (30%) detected alternative microexons display, a mean ΔPSI > 10 between ASD and control subjects of which 113 (90%) also display neural-differential regulation. By contrast, only 825 of 15,405 (5.4%) longer (i.e. > 27 nt) exons show such misregulation, of which 285 (35%) correspond to neural-regulated exons. Notably, we also observe significantly higher correlations between microexon inclusion and nSR100 mRNA expression levels across the stratified ASD samples and controls, for those microexons regulated by nSR100 relative to those microexons that are not regulated by this factor (p=1.4x10-7, Wilcoxon Sum Rank test). Conclusions: These data suggest microexon regulation is a potentially important mechanism underlying ASD and likely other neurodevelopmental disorders.

  Study phs000872

• Whole genome bisufite sequencing of smoking and non-smoking mother-child pairsBisufite sequencing, RNA-seq and ChIP-Seq data of whole blood samples from smoking and non-smoking mothers and their children at gestation/birth and follow-up years.

  Whole-blood samples of 16 mother-child pairs with differing maternal smoking behaviour were bisulfite treated and sequenced with deep coverage to identify smoking-associated differentially methylated regions.RNA-sequencing and ChIP-sequencing of 4 chromatin marks complete the data set and allow for integrative analyses, functional region annotation and to study the impact of epigenetic changes on gene expression.Longitudinal data spanning several years provides the means to investigate the stability of observed differences of all data types.

  Study EGAS00001000455

• BLUEPRINT: Epigenetic programming during monocyte to macrophage differentiation and trained innate immunity

  Monocyte differentiation into macrophages represents a cornerstone process for host defense. Concomitantly, immunological imprinting of either tolerance or trained immunity determines the functional fate of macrophages and susceptibility to secondary infections. Transcriptomes (RNA-Seq) and epigenomes (ChIP-Seq H3K4me1,H3K4me3,H3K27ac) in four primary cell types: monocytes, in vitro differentiated naive, tolerized and trained macrophages were characterized. Inflammatory and metabolic pathways were modulated in macrophages, including decreased inflammasome activation, and pathways functionally implicated in trained immunity were identified. Strikingly, B-glucan training elicits an exclusive epigenetic signature, revealing a complex network of enhancers and promoters. Analysis of transcription factor motifs in DNase I hypersensitive sites at cell-type specific epigenetic loci unveiled differentiation and treatment specific repertoires. Altogether, this study provides a resource to understand the epigenetic changes that underlie innate immunity in humans.

  Dataset EGAD00001001011

• Impaired HLA Class I Antigen Processing and Presentation as a Mechanism of Acquired Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Lung Cancer

  Mechanisms of acquired resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether alterations in genes encoding components of the HLA Class I antigen processing and presentation machinery or interferon signaling pathways play a role in acquired resistance to PD-1 or PD-L1 antagonistic antibodies. Whole exome sequencing was performed on tumor samples collected from patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer at the time of resistance to PD-1 axis inhibitors and on available matched pre-treatment and normal samples. Patient-derived xenografts successfully established from the ICI-resistant samples were also exome sequenced. Additionally, RNA sequencing was performed on cases with sufficient tissue.

  Study phs001464

• Capture-based Methods for Transcriptomic Profiling of FFPE material

  This dataset includes all FASTQ files for 11 samples where different capture-based methods for transcriptome profiling have been tested. Specifically, we have the 'traditional' RNA-seq experiment with fresh frozen (FF) material, and 3 different capture methods for the matching formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples: Agilent (AGI), IDT, and Twist Biosciences (TBS). In total, there are 43 samples with paired-end FASTQ files (1 sample did not have sufficient material to test all methods). Samples are identified by the R01-R11 IDs with a suffix that indicates the capture method used (or FF for fresh frozen).

  Dataset EGAD00001007655

• Sequencing data associated with Smith et al, Acta Neuropathologica, 2020 (PMID: 32519082)

  The dataset includes 144 BAM files of WGS, WES, and RNA-seq data from primary and PDOX samples analyzed in Smith et al, Acta Neuropathologica, 2020 (PMID: 32519082).

  Dataset EGAD00001007980

• A Phase II Neoadjuvant Study of Palbociclib in Combination with Letrozole and Trastuzumab as Neoadjuvant Treatment of Stage II-III ER+ HER2+ Breast Cancer (PALTAN)

  Women with early stage ER+/HER2+ breast cancer (BC) are less likely to achieve pathological complete response (pCR) after chemotherapy with standard of care dual HER2 blockade than patients with ER-/HER2+ BC. Additionally, the toxicity burden of standard systemic therapy is high. Thus, this single arm phase 2 clinical trial investigated a novel de-escalation regimen with trastuzumab, letrozole, and palbociclib in those with early stage ER+/HER2+ BC. The aim was to determine if this treatment regimen will achieve similar pCR rates as conventional treatment and spare women the toxicity burden of regular treatments. The primary endpoint was pCR after 16 weeks of treatment with trastuzumab, letrozole, and palbociclib. Patients with newly diagnosed ER+ HER2+ invasive BC with clinical stages II and III were eligible for this protocol. Research biopsies were performed during the treatment course for whole exome and RNA sequencing, PAM50 molecular subtyping, and Ki67 assessment using immunohistochemistry for complete cell cycle arrest (CCCA: Ki67 ≤2.7%). Results showed a pCR of 7.7% and a rate of residual cancer burden at 0 or I of 38.5%. CCCA was observed in 85% at Cycle 1 day 15 post palbociclib, trastuzumab, and letrozole treatment (C1D15), compared to 27% at surgery after palbociclib was discontinued. PAM50 subtyping identified 31.2% HER2-E, 43.8% Luminal B, 25% Luminal A. 161 genes were differentially expressed comparing C1D15 to baseline. Whole exome and RNA sequencing data will be available through dbGaP.

  Study phs003147

• Aurora US Metastatic Breast Cancer Retrospective Project

  The AURORA US Metastatic Breast Cancer project is funded by the Breast Cancer Research Foundation (BCRF) Evelyn H. Lauder Founder's Fund for Metastatic Breast Cancer Research. This multi-center effort conducted within the Translational Breast Cancer Research Consortium (TBCRC) and cancer researchers to better understand the metastatic process through the study of both the primary and metastatic tissue. In the retrospective phase, TBCRC sites submitted matched primary and metastatic tissues and blood from previous collections for piloting the process. Samples were profiled using whole genome DNA sequencing, whole exome DNA sequencing, DNA methylation arrays, and RNA sequencing. The final freeze set for samples with successful nucleic acid extraction and molecular assays included 55 patients with 31 primary tissues and 102 metastases. Twenty patients had tissue collected at autopsy and included 19 with more than one metastasis. Metastases were from 20 different tissue locations with the most common sites being liver, lung, lymph node, and brain. The median age at primary diagnosis was 49 years. The clinical subtypes of the primary tumors were 34% Triple Negative, 30% ER+HER2-, 11% ER+HER2+, and 7% ER-HER2+. Patients received an average of 3 lines of therapy in the metastatic setting. The median overall survival from primary diagnosis was 4.5 years and overall survival from metastatic diagnosis was 2 years.

  Study phs002622

• Analysis of four key cell types (epithelial, fbroblast, myeloid and T cells)

  Alterations of the normal prostate epithelial cell genome trigger the emergence of carcinoma, however cancer-only analyses of genomic aberrations have resulted in little clinical translation. A deep understanding of the tumor microenvironment is likely to inform on key drivers of disease progression and novel therapeutic opportunities. We investigated the role of key cell types along disease progression, profiling the RNA abundance of 52 samples from 13 patients enriched for one of four key cell types, spanning a wide CAPRA-S risk score range. Using a novel differential transcription Bayes method, TABI, we avoided a priori patient stratification, and mapped transcriptional alteration events to specific risk scores. The developmental and cell-type resolution yielded a landscape of concurrent transcriptional alterations from the tumour microenvironment, including key hallmarks. These transcriptional signatures permitted the identification of a “high survival” patient cluster in an independent prostate cancer dataset. Most importantly, together with our integrated transcriptional analysis, differential tissue composition analysis provided evidence for a key role for monocytes and macrophages in prostate cancer progression and disease recurrence.

  Study EGAS00001003579

• Characterization of four subtypes in morphologically normal tissue excised proximal and distal to breast cancer

  RNA sequencing data from breast cancers (n=18) and their matched HN tissues (n=36), healthy breast from cosmetic reduction mammoplasty (RM; n=5), and risk reducing mastectomies (RR, n=5), with peritumoral samples excised proximal to (TP, less than 2 cm) and distal from (TD, 5-10 cm) the primary tumor.

  Dataset EGAD00001006291

• Dataset for cancer_of_unknown_primary-RNA

  Rare cancer sequencing data of 58 runs in tumor/control pairs, which were uploaded to umbrella studies. The sequencing was always paired

  Dataset EGAD00001008857

• RNAseq of ribosomal footprints

  Cancer genes can affect ribosomal RNA processing and this can underlie their essentiality to cells, making them cell-essential in the same way as ribosomal genes themselves. We want to confirm this, in order to understand the results of our CRISPR drop-out screens.NOTE FROM BESPOKE TEAM: Run a single read 1 (forward read) of 30 bases, then an index 1 read as normal. This would fit a 50cycle kit

  Dataset EGAD00001001930

• Sensitive and robust liquid biopsy-based detection of PIK3CA mutations

  Over the last years, the treatment of hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer patients has dramatically changed. Combination strategies attempting to overcome resistance to endocrine therapy such as targeting the PI3 kinase pathway are gaining importance. The phase III SOLAR-1 trial demonstrated the benefit of the addition of alpelisib to fulvestrant, thereby providing further clinical evidence of the increasing importance of PIK3CA testing. Here, we performed a comparison of liquid biopsy and tissue-based detection of PIK3CA mutations in HR-positive metastatic breast cancer patients. Plasma samples and the latest available tumor tissue from 69 patients with metastatic hormone-receptor positive breast cancer were analyzed for PIK3CA hotspot mutations. A high-resolution NGS assay (SiMSen-Seq) was used for plasma samples covering 11 recurrent PIK3CA mutations, used for stratification in SOLAR-1. Additionally, mFAST-SeqS was used to estimate the tumor fractions in the plasma samples. For tumor tissue samples, targeted Ion Torrent NGS was employed. Matched tissue and plasma samples were available from 63 patients. PIK3CA mutations were detected in 46.1% of the tissue samples and in 50.7% of the plasma samples. The variant allele frequency (VAF) ranged from 4.36% to 72.93% with a median of 28.60% in tissue samples, and from 0.28% to 49.85% with a median of 1.17% in plasma samples. The most frequent variants in tissue and plasma were H1047R, E545K, and E542K. We detected at least one of 11 PIK3CA mutations from the SOLAR-1 trial in 51/63 patients, both in tissue and plasma. In 7 patients, such mutations were found only in plasma. In 5 patients, PIK3CA mutations found in tissue were not detectable in ctDNA, 2 of which had a low tumor fraction.Together, in 33/67 plasma samples without detectable PIK3CA mutations, 18 samples had elevated tumor fraction, implicating true negative results. In the remaining 15 patients with low tumor fraction, additional tissue analysis was needed. SiMSen-Seq-based detection of PIK3CA mutations in plasma shows advantageous concordance with the tissue analyses. A combination with an untargeted, mutation-independent approach for detecting ctDNA fractions may confirm a negative PIK3CA result and thereby enhance the performance of the SiMSen-Seq test. This combinatory approach for selecting suitable patients for alpelisib treatment should be validated in larger patient cohorts.

  Study EGAS00001004940