3773 results for "*oma"

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• Spatial genomic heterogeneity in multiple myeloma revealed by multi- region sequencing

  The bone-marrow (BM) containing skeletal system is the reservoir of Multiple Myeloma (MM), the malignant counterpart of antibody-secreting plasma cells. To gain insight into its spatial clonal architecture, we performed multi-region whole-exome sequencing of radiology-guided fine-needle aspirates from 51 MM patients. We found spatial genomic heterogeneity in a substantial proportion of cases including bi-allelic inactivation of tumor suppressors and mutations affecting cancer genes. The amount of heterogeneous mutations associated with the size of focal tumor lesions in whole body imaging consistent with focal outgrowth of highly advanced clones. In conclusion, our results support the regional initiation of transformation processes leading to high-risk disease as well as the pre-existence of key driver events in restricted areas. As such, our study does not only provide new insights in the underlying biology of MM progression but also has considerable implications for standard diagnostic approaches in the clinic.

  Study EGAS00001002111

• TRACERx Renal 100

  Evolutionary dynamics of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) have not been studied prospectively or across all disease stages. Through the multi-centre prospective cohort study, Renal TRACERx Renal, we analysed 1209 primary tumour regions from 101 patients with ccRCC. We detect up to 30 driver events in a single tumour, and show that subclonal diversification is associated with known clinical parameters. Defining driver event co-occurrence, mutual exclusivity and timing at clone level, we reveal deterministic patterns of clonal evolution and disease progression. We find that ccRCC can be grouped into seven distinct evolutionary subtypes, ranging from tumours characterised by early fixation of multiple mutational and copy number driver events that can disseminate widely and rapidly; to highly branched tumours with >10 subclonal drivers and extensive parallel evolution presenting with oligometastatic disease. We identify either heterogeneity or chromosome instability, or both, as determinants of patient outcome. Our insights reconcile the variable clinical behaviour of ccRCC and the benefit of surgical intervention in early and late-stage disease; and offer potential biomarker opportunities to maximise the benefit of both surgery and active surveillance.

  Study EGAS00001002793

• Sporadic and endemic Burkitt lymphoma have frequent FOXO1 mutations but distinct hotspots in the AKT recognition motif

  FOXO1 has an oncogenic role in adult germinal center derived lymphomas, in which mutations, predominately within the AKT recognition motif, cause nuclear retention of FOXO1 resulting in increased cell proliferation. To determine the prevalence and distribution of FOXO1 mutations in pediatric Burkitt lymphoma (BL), we sequenced a large number of sporadic and endemic BL patient samples. We report a high frequency of FOXO1 mutations in both sporadic and endemic BL at diagnosis, occurring in 23/78 (29%) and 48/89 (54%) samples respectively, as well as 8/16 (50%) cases at relapse. Mutations of T24 were the most common in sporadic BL but were rare in endemic cases, in which mutations of residue S22, also within the AKT recognition motif, were the most frequent. FOXO1 mutations were almost always present in the major tumor cell clone but were not associated with outcome. Analysis of other recurrent mutations reported in BL revealed that FOXO1 mutations were associated with mutations of DDX3X and ARID1A, but not MYC, TCF3/ID3 or members of the phosphatidylinositol 3’ OH kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway. We further show common nuclear retention of the FOXO1 protein, irrespective of mutation status, suggesting alternative unknown mechanisms for maintaining FOXO1 transcriptional activity in BL. CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of FOXO1 in an endemic cell line produced a significant decrease in cell proliferation, supporting an oncogenic role for FOXO1 in endemic BL. Thus, FOXO1 is frequently mutated in both sporadic and endemic BL and may offer a potential therapeutic target for pediatric BL patients worldwide.

  Study EGAS00001003719

• Roma Sequencing Study

  Present day Roma genome were shaped by the extensive inbreeding and admixture during their Diaspora. Here, we shed light on the Roma demographic history by analyzing the whole genome sequence of 46 Roma individuals pertaining to four migrant groups in six European countries. The strong reduction in effective population size (~44%), that occurred around 2kya, was not masked by the subsequent high admixture in Middle Eastern and European countries.

  Study EGAS00001004287

• Whole-exome sequencing of hepatocellular carcinoma biopsies (proteogenomic study)

  We performed a proteogenomic analysis of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) across clinical stages and etiologies to define the deregulated pathways and heterogeneity among HCCs. We identified pathways that are differentially regulated on the genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic and phosphoproteomic levels. Integrative clustering identified HCC subgroups that show distinct regulation of biological processes, metabolic reprogramming and kinase activation.

  Study EGAS00001005073

• Mutational landscape of high-grade B-cell lymphoma with MYC-, BCL2 and/or BCL6 rearrangements characterized by whole-exome sequencing

  To inform on oncogenic drivers, mutational signatures and perturbed pathways in HGBL-DH/TH in comparison with diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and Burkitt lymphoma (BL), we performed whole-exome sequencing and confirmatory deep panel NGS of 47 clinically annotated cases. Coupled germline DNA was analyzed when available.

  Study EGAS00001005420

• Spatial concordance of DNA methylation classification in diffuse glioma

  Background: Intratumoral heterogeneity is a hallmark of diffuse gliomas. DNA methylation profiling is an emerging approach in the clinical classification of brain tumors. The goal of this study is to investigate the effects of intratumoral heterogeneity on classification confidence. Methods: We used neuronavigation to acquire 133 image-guided and spatially-separated stereotactic biopsy samples from 16 adult patients with a diffuse glioma (7 IDH-wildtype and 2 IDH-mutant glioblastoma, 6 diffuse astrocytoma, IDH-mutant and 1 oligodendroglioma, IDH-mutant and 1p19q codeleted), which we characterized using DNA methylation arrays. Samples were obtained from regions with and without abnormalities on contrast enhanced T1 weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery MRI. Methylation profiles were analyzed to devise a three-dimensional reconstruction of (epi)genetic heterogeneity. Tumor purity was assessed from clonal methylation sites. Results: Molecular aberrations indicated that tumor was found outside imaging abnormalities, underlining the infiltrative nature of this tumor and the limitations of current routine imaging modalities. We demonstrate that tumor purity is highly variable between samples and explains a substantial part of apparent epigenetic spatial heterogeneity. We observed that DNA methylation subtypes are often, but not always, conserved in space taking tumor purity and prediction accuracy into account. Conclusion: Our results underscore the infiltrative nature of diffuse gliomas and suggest that DNA methylation subtypes are relatively concordant in this tumor type, although some heterogeneity exists.

  Study EGAS00001005434

• Targeted sequencing of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma tumour samples from the UK's Haematological Malignancy Research Network

  The UK’s Haematological Malignancy Research Network (www.HMRN.org) was established in 2004 to provide robust generalizable data to inform clinical practice and research. HMRN is a collaboration between researchers in the Epidemiology & Statistics Group (ECSG) at the University of York, a unified Clinical Network operating across 14 hospitals, and an integrated Haematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service (HMDS) in Leeds. Covering a population of around 4 million, HMRN collects detailed information about all patients diagnosed with a haematological malignancy within the HMRN region, accruing around 2,400 new diagnoses each year. The population has a similar socio-demographic profile to the country as a whole, and HMRN’s maturing data present an increasingly valuable resource to address real questions of concern to haematologists, commissioners and health service researchers – locally, nationally and internationally. This study forms part of a larger project employing targeted exome sequencing on tumour samples from patients diagnosed with a variety of both lymphoid and myeloid malignancies. The results for samples collected from 928 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients, diagnosed within HMRN from 2005 to 2012, are provided.

  Study EGAS00001005953

• Molecular programs of melanoma brain metastases (MBM)

  We performed paired-end whole transcriptome sequencing of fresh frozen or intraoperative brain metastases of therapeutically treated stage IV melanoma patients. In addition, we analysed the epigenetic landscape of tumors usind Illumina 850k bead chip technology.

  Study EGAS00001005976

• Whole-Transcriptomic Profiling of Sorted Human Renal Cell Carcinoma Immune Populations

  It is poorly understood how the tumor immune micro-environment influences disease progression in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Here we performed whole-transcriptomic profiling of immune cell populations which were derived from RCC patients representing distinct flow-sorted immune lineages.

  Study EGAS00001006593

• NIBIT-M4 Clinical Trial samples

  Patients (N=14) with unresectable stage III/IV melanoma received escalating doses of guadecitabine 30, 45, or 60 mg/m2/day subcutaneously on days 1 to 5 every 3 weeks, and ipilimumab 3 mg/kg intravenously on day 1 every 3 weeks, starting 1 week after guadecitabine, for four cycles. Patient-wise genome-wide DNA methylation, Whole Exome and RNA sequencing were then performed for samples obtained by surgical removal or fine-needle biopsy at baseline (W0), week 4 (W4) and week 12 (W12) after treatment. For Whole Exome Sequencing profiling, normal matched skin tissue was available only for the first eight patients.

  Study EGAS00001006736

• Diet driven microbial ecology underpins associations between cancer immunotherapy outcomes and the gut microbiome

  This study profiled baseline gut (fecal) microbiota signatures and dietary patterns of 103 trial patients from Australia and the Netherlands treated with neoadjuvant ICIs for high risk resectable metastatic melanoma and performed an integrated analysis with data from 115 patients with melanoma treated with ICIs in the United States. We observed geographically distinct microbial signatures of response and immune-related adverse events. Overall, response rates were higher in Ruminococcaceae-dominated microbiomes than in Bacteroidaceae-dominated microbiomes. Poor response was associated with lower fiber and omega 3 fatty acid consumption and elevated levels of C-reactive protein in the peripheral circulation at baseline.

  Study EGAS00001006982

• Molecular features of adenomas predicting metachronous colorectal cancer: a nested-case control study

  "Background & Aims: Current morphological features defining advanced adenomas (size ≥10 mm, high grade dysplasia or >25% villous component) cannot optimally distinguish individuals at high-risk or low-risk of metachronous colorectal cancer (me-CRC), which may result in suboptimal surveillance. Certain DNA copy number alterations are associated with adenoma-to-carcinoma progression (cancer-associated events; CAEs). We aimed to evaluate whether CAEs can better predict an individual’s risk of me-CRC than the morphological advanced adenoma features. Methods: In this nested case-control study, 529 individuals with a single adenoma at their first colonoscopy were selected from a Norwegian adenoma cohort. DNA copy number profiles were determined, by means of low-coverage whole genome sequencing. We assessed the prevalence of CAEs in advanced and non-advanced adenomas and its association with me-CRC. For the latter, cases (with CRC) were matched to controls (without CRC), with the same follow-up period as cases, as well as age and sex. Subsequently, odds ratios (OR) for the association of the presence of an advanced adenoma or a molecularly-defined high-risk adenoma with me-CRC were calculated. Results: Molecular high-risk features were observed in 85/267 (32%) of advanced adenomas and in 27/262 (10%) of non-advanced adenomas. Me-CRC was more strongly associated with advanced adenomas (OR 3.58; 95% CI 2.27-5.72) than with molecular high-risk adenomas (OR 1.90; 95% CI 1.14–3.16). After adjusting for other variables, only advanced adenoma remained significantly associated with me-CRC (OR 3.39; 95% CI 2.10–5.55). Conclusion: Molecularly-defined high-risk adenomas were associated with me-CRC, but the association of advanced adenoma with me-CRC was stronger. " Project goal: Evaluate the value of DNA copy numbers alterations detected in a baseline adenoma, in the prediction of risk of metachronous CRC

  Study EGAS00001007039

• The genomic landscape of recurrent ovarian high grade serous carcinoma: the BriTROC-1 study

  The BriTROC-1 study, spanning 15 centres across the United Kingdom, is a prospective observational project investigating putative causes of relapse in high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC). Potential genomic changes associated with disease recurrence are examined by studying paired tumour samples collected from patients at diagnosis and after relapse after receiving platinum based chemotherapy. Shallow whole genome sequencing and targeted amplicon sequencing are used to identify copy number aberrations and short variants respectively.

  Study EGAS00001007292

• Study of non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma

  Study of non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma

  Study EGAS00001000926

• Immune trajectory of response and adverse effect in immunotherapy-treated hepatocellular carcinoma

  Whilst anti-PD1 immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has revolutionised treatment for many cancers, its response rates in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain modest, coupled with common incidences of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). To identify biomarkers and decipher the mechanisms for response and irAEs, we performed multi-dimensional immunoprofiling on peripheral blood and tissue collected before and during anti-PD1 ICB treatment from HCC patients. Single-cell analyses enabled us to identify peripheral biomarkers, in particular, CD11c+ antigen-presenting cells with varying degrees of HLA-DR expression and CD8 effector memory (EM) T cells with CXCR3 tissue-homing capability that are associated with both response and irAEs. We also dissected the mechanisms behind how these immune subsets interface between response and toxicity, showing their intersecting yet diverging trajectories leading to these distinct clinical fates. This study offers new insights on the mechanisms and potentially novel strategies to enhance response and ameliorate irAEs in cancer immunotherapy.

  Study EGAS00001004843

• Identification of gene mutations and fusion genes in patients with Sézary Syndrome

  Sezary syndrome (SS) is a leukemic form of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) with an aggressive clinical course. The goal of our study is to understand the genetic basis of the disease by looking for driver gene mutations and fusion genes in 15 erythrodermic patients with circulating Sezary cels, fourteen of them fulfilling the diagnostic criteria of SS. Peripheral blood samples were collected for each patient and CD4+ T-lymphocytes and Granulocytes were isolated. DNA and RNA was extracted for matched normal and tumor materials. Whole exome sequencing was performed on matched normal and tumor tissues of 12 patients and RNA sequencing was performed on 10 patients. For 7 of these patients, we have both exome as well as RNA sequencing data. In this study, we present a complex genomic landscape of Sezary syndrome with several point mutations, copy number variations and fusion events which could contribute to the pathogenesis of SS.

  Study EGAS00001001706