3798 results for "*oma"

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• Genomics_of_acral_lentiginous_melanoma

  Melanoma is the most aggressive type of skin cancer, causing about 75% of dermatological cancer deaths. Acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM) is the most common subtype of melanoma in admixed Latin American populations, but very few tumour genomes and exomes, all from European-descent individuals, have been analysed across several studies. Because of this, the genomic landscape of ALM is mostly unknown. Our aim in this project is to define this landscape and identify driver somatic alterations by whole-exome sequencing a collection of ALM germline/tumour paired FFPE samples from the National Cancer Institute of Mexico.

  Study EGAS00001003740

• Malignant pheochromocytomas/paragangliomas harbor mutations in transport and cell adhesion genes

  One out of ten patients with pheochromocytoma (PCC) and paraganglioma (PGL) develop malignant disease. Today there are no reliable pathological methods to predict malignancy at the time of diagnosis. Tumors harboring mutations in the succinate dehydrogenase subunit B (SDHB) gene often metastasize but the sequential genetic events resulting in malignant progression are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to identify somatic mutations that contribute to the malignant transformation of PCC/PGL. We performed pair-wise (tumor-normal) whole-exome sequencing to analyze the somatic mutational landscape in five malignant and four benign primary PCC/sympathetic PGL (sPGL), including two biological replicates from each specimen. In total, 225 unique somatic mutations were identified in 215 genes, with an average mutation rate of 0.54 mutations/megabase. Malignant tumors had a significantly higher number of mutations compared to benign tumors (p<0.001). Three novel genes were identified as recurrently mutated; MYCN, MYO5B and VCL, and mutations in these genes were exclusively found in malignant sPGL tumors. Mutations in the MYO5B gene could be verified in two publicly available data sets. A gene ontology analysis of mutated genes showed enrichment of cellular functions related to cytoskeletal protein binding, myosin complex, and motor activity, many of which had functions in Rab and Rac/Rho GTPase pathways. Conclusively, we have identified recurrent mutations in genes related to intracellular transport and cell adhesion, and we have confirmed recurrent mutations of MYO5B in PCC/PGL cases with malignant potential. Our study suggests that deregulated Rab and Rac/Rho pathways may be important in PCC/PGL tumorigenesis.

  Study EGAS00001001601

• Genomic Landscape of Follicular Lymphoma Across a Wide Spectrum of Clinical Behaviors

  Study EGAS00001007105

• Whole exome sequencing identifies clinically relevant mutational signatures in resected hepatocellular carcinoma

  We conducted a multicentre pilot study on patients with localized HCC following complete radiological response to surgical resection. Patients received 250 mg oral gefitinib once daily as adjuvant therapy, up to a maximum of 6 months. The clinical endpoints included recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS), and correlative genetic analyses were conducted from whole exome sequencing data (n=33). All statistical analyses were carried out on an intention-to-treat basis. The study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00282100).

  Study EGAS00001004371

• TULIPs decorate the three-dimensional genome of PFA ependymoma

  Study EGAS00001005476

• Conjunctival fibrosis and the innate barriers to Chlamydia trachomatis intracellular infection: a genome wide association study

  This data comes from a genome-wide association study in 1090 cases of scarring trachoma and 1531 controls from a non-selected multi-ethnic sampling of The Gambia. The data constitutes hard base calls at 1457295 features from the HumanOmni2.5-8 (Omni2.5) BeadChip. Three genotype-calling algorithms were used : Illuminus (Bioinformatics 2007, 23:2741–6), GenCall (Patent US7035740, 2006) and GenoSNP (Bioinformatics 2008, 24:2209–14). Data from each calling algorithm was filtered to retain only SNPs with a call rate ≥ 0.98. To obtain a merged set of SNPs, all genotypes that matched across call-sets were retained, whilst those that mismatched between call-sets were set to missing. Genotypes that were present in one call set and missing in others were also retained. The merged SNP set contained 1467876 SNPs, which were filtered for call rate ≥ 0.99 and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium P value < 5 x 10-8. The case and control groups were approximately equivalent with respect to gender and ethnicity. 70% of cases and 63% of controls were female. Self-described ethnic composition of the cases was 29% Jola, 27% Mandinka, 21% Wolof, 10% Fula and 13% other/no data. In controls the composition was 25% Jola, 24% Mandinka, 21% Wolof, 8% Fula and 22% other/no data. Median age was 49 (range 32-60) in cases and 37 (range 12-52) in controls (t = -3.6019, P = 0.0003). This data set has substantial levels of population structure, which reflects extensive networks of pairwise kinship between participants. First pass tests of association in EMMAX (Nat Genet 2010, 42:348–54) led to genome-wide deflation of the test statistics (λ = 0.982 SE = 1.74e-05) that could be directly attributed to the differing age and gender distributions between cases and controls. Modelling the phenotype to adjust for age and gender successfully controlled for this and no genome-wide deviation from the null was subsequently observed (λ = 1.001, SE = 8.7 x 10-7). Neither principal components analysis (PCA) nor tests of proportional identity by state (IBS) variance in PLINK identified significant levels of within or between group genetic variance. The phenotypes submitted in the phenotypes file include both uncorrected (case/control status) and corrected (age and gender corrected case/control status) phenotypes, as well as age and self-described ethnicity.

  Study EGAS00001001516

• Single cell analyses of transcriptome and epigenome in neuroblastoma infiltrated bone marrow

  We report transcriptional and genome-wide ATAC-seq analyses at single cell resolution of 16 bone marrow samples with and without neuroblastoma infiltration. Our samples span across several neuroblastoma models, including MYCN amplified, ATRX mutated, and sporadic (lacking either alteration).

  Study EGAS00001006106

• Tumorigenic role of Musashi-2 in aggressive mantle cell lymphoma

  SOX11 is overexpressed in the highly aggressive conventional mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) but rarely in the indolent non-nodal MCL subtype. We performed RNA-seq of SOX11+ and SOX11- MCLs to search for SOX11-regulated genes that contributed to MCL clinical evolution, identifying Musashi-2 (MSI2) stem cell-related gene. By performing RNA-seq upon MSI2 knockdown or inhibition in MCL, we identified MSI2 as a potential target to inhibit drug resistance in aggressive MCLs.

  Study EGAS00001006613

• Distinct portrayal of lesions in synchronous multifocal lung adenocarcinoma revealed by genome sequencing

  Distinguishing multiple primary lung cancers in the synchronous multifocal intrapulmonary lesions has important significance on clinical staging and therapeutic decision. To investigate genomic aberration profiles, we applied whole genome and whole exome sequencing, and microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization on 15 intrapulmonary tumors derived from six patients with synchronous multifocal lung cancers having similar histological diagnosis. Any pair of intrapulmonary tumors in a single patient, which shared the identical genetic background and environment, showed an extinctive heterogeneity between each other. Phylogenetic relationship analysis indicated an independently branched evolution among all the tumors, suggesting they were multiple primary lung cancers. EGFR or KRAS mutations were found in 7 or 3 out of the 15 tumors, from 3 or 2 patients, respectively. Somatic mutational heterogeneity of these two genes in a single patient was also observed. Our analysis indicates genomic aberration profiling is valuable for identification of multiple primary lung cancer, especially when high histopathological concordance was observed between lesions. We also suggest a thoroughly molecular diagnosis against therapeutic target genes should be taken for each accessible nodule before making a plan for adjuvant therapy.

  Study EGAS00001001572

• The spatial organization of intratumor heterogeneity andevolutionary trajectories of metastases in hepatocellular carcinoma

  Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has one of the poorest survival amongst cancers. Using multi-regional sampling of nine resected HCC with different etiologies, we find that phylogenetic relationships of these sectors show diverse levels of genetic sharing spanning early to late diversification. Unlike the variegated pattern found in colorectal cancers, a large proportion of HCC display a clear Isolation-By-Distance pattern where spatially closer sectors are genetically more similar. Two resected intra-hepatic metastases showed genetic divergence occurring before and after primary tumor diversification respectively. Interestingly, metastatic tumors had much higher variability than their primary tumors, suggesting that intra-hepatic metastasis is accompanied by rapid diversification at the distant location. The presence of co-existing mutations offers the possibility of drug repositioning for HCC treatment. Taken together, these insights into intra-tumor heterogeneity allow for a comprehensive understanding of the evolutionary trajectories of HCC and suggest novel avenues for personalized therapy.

  Study EGAS00001001603