5624 results for "canc*"

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• Immune and clinicopathological features predict HER2-positive breast cancer prognosis in the neoadjuvant NeoALTTO and CALGB 40601 trials

  The identification of prognostic drivers in patients receiving neoadjuvant therapy is crucial for treatment optimization in HER2-positive breast cancer, with the immune microenvironment being a key factor. Here, we investigated the complexity of B and T cell receptor (BCR and TCR) repertoires, reflecting antigen-specific immune response, in the context of two phase III trials, namely NeoALTTO and CALGB 40601, evaluating neoadjuvant paclitaxel with trastuzumab and/or lapatinib in women affected by HER2-positive breast cancer. BCR/TCR features were heterogeneous, and BCR measures describing clonal expansion demonstrated independent prognostic value. A model developed in NeoALTTO and validated in CALGB 40601 predicted event-free survival (EFS) by integrating hormone receptor and clinical nodal status, treatment response (breast pCR)breast pathological complete response (pCR) as well as tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and BCR evenness, measuring the equality of BCR clonal distribution. The HER2-EveNT score derived from the model allows the identification of patients with 5-year EFS > 90%, and, in those not achieving pCR, of a subgroup of immune-enriched tumors with an excellent outcome despite residual disease.

  Study EGAS00001007563

• Loss of SDHB promotes dysregulated iron homeostasis, oxidative stress and sensitivity to ascorbate

  Succinate dehydrogenase is a key enzyme in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the electron transport chain. All four subunits of succinate dehydrogenase are tumor suppressor genes predisposing to paraganglioma, but only mutations in the SDHB subunit are associated with increased risk of metastasis. Here we generated an Sdhd knockout chromaffin cell line and compared it to Sdhb-deficient cells. Both cell types exhibited similar SDH loss of function, metabolic adaptation, and succinate accumulation. In contrast, Sdhb-/- cells showed hallmarks of mesenchymal transition associated with increased DNA hypermethylation and a stronger pseudo-hypoxic phenotype compared to Sdhd-/- cells. Loss of SDHB specifically led to increased oxidative stress associated with dysregulated iron and copper homeostasis in the absence of NRF2 activation. High-dose ascorbate exacerbated the increase in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, leading to cell death in Sdhb-/- cells. These data establish a mechanism linking oxidative stress to iron homeostasis that specifically occurs in SDHB deficient cells and may promote metastasis. They also highlight high-dose ascorbate as a promising therapeutic strategy for SDHB-related cancers.

  Study EGAS00001005279

• BRCA-deficiency/HRD in individuals with HBOC

  Study EGAS00001007258

• Spatial atlas of clonal copy number alterations in co-existing benign and malignant tissue

  Defining the transition from benign to malignant tissue is fundamental to improve early diagnosis of cancer. Here, we use a systematic approach to study spatial genome integrity in situ and describe previously unidentified clonal relationships. We employed spatially resolved transcriptomics to infer spatial copy number variations in >120,000 regions across multiple organs, in benign and malignant tissues. We demonstrate that genome-wide copy number variation reveals distinct clonal patterns within tumours and in nearby benign tissue using an organ-wide approach focused on the prostate. Our results suggest a model for how genomic instability arises in histologically benign tissue that may represent early events in cancer evolution. We highlight the power of capturing the molecular and spatial continuums in a tissue context and challenge the rationale for treatment paradigms, including focal therapy.

  Study EGAS00001006124

• Dissecting intratumor heterogeneity of nodal B cell lymphoma on the transcriptional, genetic, and drug response level

  Tumor heterogeneity encompasses both the malignant cells and their microenvironment. While heterogeneity between individual patients is well-known to affect the efficacy of anti-cancer, most personalized treatment approaches do not account for intratumor heterogeneity. We addressed this issue by studying the heterogeneity of lymph node-derived B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL) by single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) and transcriptome-informed flow cytometry. We identified transcriptionally distinct malignant subclones and compared their drug response and genomic profiles. Malignant subclones of the same patient responded strikingly different to anti-cancer drugs ex vivo, which recapitulated subclone-specific drug sensitivity during in vivo treatment. Tumor infiltrating T cells represented the majority of non-malignant cells, whose gene expression signatures were similar across all donors, whereas the frequencies of T cell subsets varied significantly between the donors. Our data provide new insights into the heterogeneity of B-NHL and highlight the relevance of intratumor heterogeneity for personalized cancer therapies.

  Study EGAS00001004335

• Genomic Rearrangements in Pediatric Cancer

  This study contains a collection of samples used to determine the role and impact of genomic rearrangements in a pan cancer pediatric cohort.

  Study EGAS00001005312

• Proteomic Analysis of Non-Muscle Invasive and Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer Highlights Distinct Subgroups With Metabolic, Matrisomal, and Immune Hallmarks

  We present the proteome biology of bladder cancer based on a cohort comprising treatment-naïve non-muscle invasive (NMIBC, N=17) and treatment-naïve muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC, N=51), as well as neoadjuvant-treated MIBC (N=11); using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples and data-independent acquisition yielding >8,000 protein identifications. The NMIBC proteome reveals two subgroups that represent cell adhesion or lipid metabolism biology. MIBC, compared to NMIBC, shows an altered metabolic proteome together with enrichment of extracellular matrix (ECM), immune response, and complement proteins; in line with three proteomic MIBC subgroups that represent ECM, metabolic, or immune signatures. The ECM and immune subgroups are enriched for markers of M2-like tumor-associated macrophages and dendritic cells, while markers for natural killer cells are exclusive for the ECM subgroup, and markers for cytotoxic T-cells are a hallmark of the immune subgroup. Infiltration of CD8+ PD1+ positive cytotoxic T cells correlated with PD-L1 expression of MIBC, as demonstrated by multiplex immunofluorescence analysis. The metabolic subgroup presents a comparably immune-depleted microenvironment. YAP1 signaling is particularly prominent in the ECM subgroup. The protein BSCL2 emerges as a prognostic marker for MIBC. We highlight increased endogenous proteolysis in MIBC alongside the upregulation of matrix metalloproteases exceeding the upregulation of their endogenous inhibitors. Genomic panel sequencing underlines prevalent FGFR3 mutations in NMIBC and prevalent TP53 mutations in MIBC, but a genomic underpinning of the MIBC subgroups remains elusive. Proteogenomic analysis yields protein-level evidence for more than 1,300 single amino acid variants. The proteomes of neoadjuvant-treated MIBC resembled treatment-naïve MIBC. Tumor-stroma interaction of MIBC was further investigated by proteomic analysis of patient-derived xenografts of MIBC. Our study adds to the proteome-level understanding of bladder cancer.

  Study EGAS00001007290

• Finding structural variation and functional consequences from primary acute myeloid leukemia cells with complex karyotype (CK-AML) at the single-cell level

  Study EGAS00001007436

• Breast Cancer PDTX Encyclopaedia

  Molecular data from the collection of PDTX breast cancer models described in Bruna et al, 2016. Cell. It includes whole exome sequencing, shallow whole genome sequencing, expression arrays and reduced bisulfite representation sequencing (RRBS).

  Study EGAS00001001913

• Single cell genomic variation induced by mutational processes in cancer

  How cell-to-cell copy number alterations that underpin genomic instability in human cancers drive genomic and phenotypic variation, and consequently cancer evolution, remains understudied. Here, applying scaled single cell whole genome sequencing to wildtype, TP53-deficient and TP53/BRCA1/2-deficient mammary epithelial cells (n=13,818 genomes) and primary triple negative breast (TNBC) and high grade serous ovarian cancers (HGSC) (n=22,057 genomes), we identified three distinct ‘foreground’ mutational patterns defined by cell-to-cell copy number and structural variation properties occurring in the ‘background’ of cancer-associated genomic instability. Cell and clone-specific high level amplifications (HLAMPs), parallel allele-specific copy number alterations and copy number segment length variation (serrate structural variations) exhibited measurable phenotypic and evolutionary consequences. Clone-specific HLAMPs in known oncogenes were highly prevalent in fold back inversion (FBI)-bearing tumors and associated with increased clone-to-clone phenotypic variation in gene expression inferred from matched single cell RNASeq. Parallel allele-specific alterations were linked with phylogenetically determined evolutionary diversity and clone-specific mono-allelic expression. Serrate patterns present across all clones were increased in FBI tumors, most prominently on a tetraploid background and were highly correlated with increased genomic diversity of cellular populations. Taken together, we show that cell-to-cell structural-copy number variation significantly impacts the phenotypes and evolutionary diversity of TNBC and HGSC, revealing previously hidden genomic states of cancer cells.

  Study EGAS00001006343