3311 results for "*geneti*"

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• GECCO: Detecting Common and Rare Genetic Loci and GxE Interactions in Colorectal Cancer

  COLON, Colorectal Cancer: Longitudinal Observational study on Nutritional and lifestyle factors that influence colorectal tumor recurrence, survival and quality of life: The COLON study is a multi-center prospective cohort study to assess the role of diet and other lifestyle factors in cancer recurrence and survival among incident colorectal cancer patients in the Netherlands. DACHS, Darmkrebs: Chancen der Verhütung durch Screening:This German study was initiated as a large population-based case-control study in 2003 in the Rhine-Neckar-Odenwald region (southwest region of Germany) to assess the potential of endoscopic screening for reduction of colorectal cancer risk and to investigate etiologic determinants of disease, particularly lifestyle/environmental factors and genetic factors. During an in-person interview, data were collected on demographics, medical history, family history of CRC, and various life-style factors, as were blood and mouthwash samples. EPIC, European Prospective Investigation into Cancer: EPIC is an on-going multicenter prospective cohort study designed to investigate the associations between diet, lifestyle, genetic and environmental factors and various types of cancer. HPFS, Health Professionals Follow-up Study: HPFS is a parallel prospective study to the NHS. The HPFS cohort comprised 51,529 men aged 40-75 who, in 1986, responded to a mailed questionnaire. Participants provided information on health related exposures, including current and past smoking history, age, weight, height, diet, physical activity, aspirin use, and family history of colorectal cancer. Colorectal cancer and other outcomes were reported by participants or next-of-kin and were followed up through review of the medical and pathology record by physicians. Overall, more than 97% of self-reported colorectal cancers were confirmed by medical record review. Information was abstracted on histology and primary location. Follow-up evaluation has been excellent, with 94% of the men responding to date. NHS, Nurses' Health Study: The NHS cohort began in 1976 when 121,700 married female registered nurses age 30-55 years returned the initial questionnaire that ascertained a variety of important health-related exposures [PMID:248266]. Since 1976, follow-up questionnaires have been mailed every 2 years. Colorectal cancer and other outcomes were reported by participants or next-of-kin and followed up through review of the medical and pathology record by physicians. Overall, more than 97% of self-reported colorectal cancers were confirmed by medical-record review. Information was abstracted on histology and primary location. The rate of follow-up evaluation has been high: as a proportion of the total possible follow-up time, follow-up evaluation has been more than 92%. NQplus, Nutrition Questionnaires plus: NQplus is a longitudinal observational study on diet and health in the general Dutch population.

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• Glioma International Case Control Study (GICC)

  The main goals of the GICC Study were: 1) to identify novel genetic risk variants for glioma, as well as validate variants implicated by previous genome-wide association studies of glioma; and 2) to explore biologically relevant gene-gene and gene-environment interactions in glioma susceptibility. The GICC Study includes participants from the following centers: Brigham and Women's Hospital (Boston, Massachusetts), Case Western Reserve University (Cleveland, Ohio), Columbia University (New York, New York), the Danish Cancer Society Research Centre (Copenhagen, Denmark), Duke University (Durham, North Carolina), the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (Houston, Texas), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (New York, New York), the Mayo Clinic (Rochester, Minnesota), NorthShore HealthSystem (Chicago, Illinois), Umea University (Umea, Sweden), the University of California, San Francisco (San Francisco, California), the University of Southern California (Los Angeles, California), and the Institute of Cancer Research (London, United Kingdom).

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• Investigating Human Placentation and Pregnancy Using First Trimester Chorionic Villi

  Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) is routinely used for prenatal diagnosis of cytogenetic disorders, but also possesses great potential for studying placentation. To better understand villi biology, human placentation, and how these relate to pregnancy outcomes, we examined the morphology and transcriptomes of villi obtained via CVS from 10-14 weeks of pregnancy and correlated these with pregnancy attributes and clinical outcomes.

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• Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS)

  Background and Rationale for the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS) Over the last several decades, advances in treatments for childhood and adolescent cancer have substantially improved survival following diagnosis. These improvements gave rise to the responsibility for investigating long-term treatment-associated morbidity and mortality. Early efforts to describe late effects were largely conducted through single-institution and limited consortia studies. However, by the mid-1980s, it became increasingly clear that these approaches had inherent limitations, including small sample size, convenience sampling, incompletely characterized populations, and limited length of follow-up. To overcome these limitations, the CCSS was proposed and funded by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) as a U01 grant in 1994. Subsequently, the strengths of the CCSS, including an efficient and extensive infrastructure, plus expanding database and biorepository, were recognized and appreciated. Thus, in consultation with the NCI, the CCSS was converted to a U24 (resource grant) funding mechanism to serve the scientific community in 2000. The overarching goal of the CCSS resource is to increase the conduct of innovative and high impact research related to pediatric cancer survivorship. CCSS has been used extensively by researchers from a wide range of disciplines to address a broad spectrum of topics. Strengths of the resource include its large size, comprehensive annotation of treatment exposures, ongoing longitudinal follow-up with characterization of a wide array of participant characteristics and outcomes, and an established biorepository. Design of the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study The Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS) is a multi-institutional, multi-disciplinary collaborative research resource comprised of a retrospective hospital-based cohort of survivors of childhood cancer and a comparison sibling cohort. Eligible survivors from 31 participating institutions were diagnosed between 1970 and 1999, prior to age 21 years, with selected common pediatric cancers (leukemia, central nervous system tumors, Hodgkin lymphoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, kidney tumors, neuroblastoma, soft tissue sarcoma, or bone tumors). All patients who survived five years from the date of diagnosis were eligible, regardless of disease or treatment status. The baseline questionnaire was completed by 24,368 survivors and 5,039 siblings recruited to serve as a comparison group. To date, participants have completed three general follow-up surveys, as well as a number of specialized surveys on specific topics (e.g. health care, insurance, screening practices, men's and women's health issues, adolescent health, sleep and fatigue). In addition, biological samples (buccal cells, saliva and/or blood) have been collected for over 11,000 participants. Full descriptions of the design and characteristics of the CCSS have been previously published (Robison et al; Leisenring et al.), and available data and samples are described at https://ccss.stjude.org/develop-a-study/gwas-data-resource.html. Treatment Data in the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study A key feature of CCSS is the availability of detailed treatment data, which were collected by abstraction of medical records for each individual member of the cohort. Detailed abstraction included dates of therapy, protocol information, and specific details regarding surgery, chemotherapy and radiation. Quantitative dose details were collected for 22 specific chemotherapeutic agents, including alkylating agents, anthracyclines, platinum compounds and epipodophyllotoxins. In addition to individual agent doses, algorithms have been created to calculate cumulative doses of all drugs in a specific class, such as anthracyclines (doxorubicin, daunomycin and idarubicin) or platinum agents (cisplatinum and carboplatinum). Data abstracted for surgeries included dates and both the names and corresponding International Classification of Diseases (9th revision) code. For radiation treatment data, all relevant records were sent to the Radiation Physics Center at M.D. Anderson Cancer Center for detailed abstraction and dosimetry. Initial body region dosimetry was performed for all participants, followed by more detailed dosimetry as needed for specific studies. Genomics Data in the Childhood Cancer Survivor StudyThe NCI's Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics and CCSS investigators collaborated to conduct genomics studies (SNP array genotyping and whole exome sequencing) using samples from the CCSS Biorepository. Studies included all cohort participants with available DNA regardless of sex or ancestry when the genomics studies were initiated. Phenotype Data in the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study Vital status and cause of death for both participants and non-participants is determined via linkage with the National Death Index (NDI). Identification of subsequent neoplasms is based on self-report, followed by validation using medical records, or via NDI. A wide array of additional health outcomes have been ascertained via a comprehensive set of questions on the CCSS questionnaires, covering potential adverse events across a range of organ systems (hearing/vision/speech, urinary, hormonal, heart and circulatory, respiratory, digestive, brain and nervous systems). In addition to health outcomes, longitudinal data have been collected on demographics, health behaviors, family history, screening practices, insurance status, and a range of psychosocial and neurocognitive factors. A full listing of available variables and copies of the CCSS questionnaires are available at http://ccss.stjude.org. Research Areas in the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study Extensive use by the research community has resulted in over 265 published manuscripts on a wide range of topics, including associations between treatment factors and mortality, subsequent neoplasms, chronic health conditions, cardiac events, neurocognitive sequelae, psychosocial factors, fertility, and health status. Additional topics have included health behaviors, screening practices, health care access and utilization, statistical and exposure assessment methodology, and development of risk prediction models. A full listing of published manuscripts using CCSS data is available on the CCSS website at https://ccss.stjude.org/published-research/publications.html. The Childhood Cancer Survivor Study as a Resource for Investigators The CCSS is an NCI-funded resource (U24 CA55727) to promote and facilitate research among long-term survivors of cancer diagnosed during childhood and adolescence. Interested investigators are encouraged to develop research ideas and propose projects within CCSS, whether or not they are from a participating CCSS institution. The CCSS is now accepting proposals to collaborate with CCSS and NCI investigators in the use of genomics data and corresponding outcomes-related data to address innovative research questions relating to potential genetic contributions to risk for treatment-related outcomes. Any researcher, or group of researchers, qualified to conduct genetic research can submit a proposal. There are no restrictions relative to country, institution, or prior involvement in CCSS. A full description of the process for developing a proposal for genetic research in CCSS can be found at https://ccss.stjude.org/develop-a-study/gwas-data-resource.html, along with listings of approved proposals.

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• Natural History and Structural Functional Relationships in Fabry Renal Disease

  Fabry disease is a rare genetic disease with deficient activity of an enzyme, which leads to accumulation of inclusions in different organs including kidney, heart and vessels. The purpose of the study is to conduct a cross-sectional investigation of the natural history of Fabry renal disease and measure renal function and renal structure in male and female Fabry's patients. The study will utilize the resultant cross-sectional information to determine the renal structural parameters or composite of parameters that most closely relates to the onset and progression of clinical renal disease in Fabry patients. This is an observational, cross-sectional study of 60 individuals with Fabry disease. Those participating in the study will be evaluated during a one day visit and on a PRN basis. The primary study objectives are as follows: To study the natural history of Fabry renal disease and measure renal function and renal structure in male and female Fabry's patients. These patients would encompass the broad age range from childhood to adulthood and from normal renal function to moderate renal insufficiency [serum creatinine (SCr) ≤ 2.5mg/dl (chronic kidney disease or CKD3)]. To utilize the resultant cross-sectional information to determine the renal structural parameters or composite of parameters that most closely relates to the onset and progression of clinical renal disease in Fabry patients.

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• A whole-genome sequencing study for evolutionary history of Tibetans and their genetic adaptations to high altitude

  Due to a unique adaptation to high altitude, the Tibetan Plateau population has been the subject of much research interest. In this study, we conducted whole genome sequencing of 27 Tibetan individuals. Through our analysis, we inferred a detailed history of demography and revealed the natural selection of Tibetan population. We provided evidence of genetic separation between the two subpopulations of Han and Tibetans as early as 44 to 58 thousand years ago, replicated previously reported high altitude adaptation genes, including EPAS1 and EGLN1, and reported three new candidate genes, including PTGIS, VDR, and KCTD12.

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• Developmental Mechanisms of Human Congenital Heart Disease in Subjects with 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome (DiGeorge Syndrome/Velocardiofacial Syndrome)

  The study is designed to identify genetic modifiers of cardiovascular defects in subjects with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS), also known as DiGeorge syndrome or velo-cardio-facial syndrome. Affymetrix 6.0 arrays were processed on 1,480 subjects with known cardiovascular anomalies or with normal structures, all with 22q11.2DS. One sample is a duplicate so it was removed. There are 1,472 samples total of unrelated, de-identified, probands. Over 90% have the same sized 3 million base pair deletion flanked by low copy repeats (LCR22) A and D, while approximately 6% have nested A to B deletions. The rest have other nested deletions, that include a deletion in the vicinity of TBX1 (between LCR22 A and B). A subset of the data was used to identify copy number variations serving as modifiers. Some data were previously published by Dr. Emanuel's team at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia in PA, USA (PMID:26742502; PMID:4896312; PMID:25892112; PMID:4570279). The de-identified DNA data from unrelated subjects come from multiple research sites in the US and Europe as part of the International 22q11.2 Consortium and the International 22q11.2 Brain and Behavior Consortium.

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• The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)-funded Next Generation Genetic Association Studies (NextGen) Consortium: Phenotyping Lipid traits in iPS derived hepatocytes Study (PhLiPS Study)

  The goal of the PhLiPS study is to create a library of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines and iPSC-derived hepatocytes of diverse genotypes for use in metabolic profiling and interrogating lipid phenotypes. These cell lines were created as a part of the Next Generation Genetic Association Studies (Next Gen) Program, which was a five-year, $80 million program to investigate functional genetic variation in humans by assessing cellular profiles that are surrogates for disease phenotypes. To achieve this, researchers from multiple institutions across the U.S. were awarded grants to derive iPSC lines from more than 1,500 individuals representing various conditions as well as healthy controls for use in functional genomic ("disease in a dish") research. This extensive panel includes a diverse set of age, gender, and ethnic backgrounds, and therefore will be an invaluable tool for evaluations across demographics. Further enhancing the utility of these cell lines are data sets such as phenotyping, GWAS, genome sequencing, gene expression and -omics analyses (e.g., lipidomic, proteomic, methylomic) that can be matched to the cell lines. The PhLiPS Study focuses on individuals free of cardiovascular disease or with lipoprotein metabolism disorders in the community served by the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania.

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• Exome Sequencing of Statin-Induced Myopathy Cases

  Severe myopathic events occur in 0.1-0.5% of patients taking statins. Although genetic association studies have identified some possibly associated gene loci, these have not been reproducible in additional studies with independent patient cohorts. A more reasonable explanation for susceptibility to statin-induced myopathy is the presence of rare pathogenic variants in genes important for skeletal muscle structure and function. In support of this, we have previously reported an increased incidence of pathogenic variants in genes causing metabolic myopathies in patients with statin-induced myopathy (Vladutiu et al.,2006). We also reported a patient with statin myopathy who had an RYR1 variant known to be causative of malignant hyperthermia susceptibility (MHS) (Vladutiu et al., 2011). There are a number of genes associated with metabolic myopathies triggered by various factors such as extreme exercise, fasting, extremes in temperature, viral infection and exposure to volatile anesthetics. In addition, many of the genes causing congenital myopathies, myofibrillar myopathies and muscular dystrophies have overlapping phenotypes with these genes. We propose that statins act as an additional trigger inducing myopathic symptoms and many patients with severe statin-induced myopathy have causative genetic variants within similar genes associated with MHS and congenital myopathy. We have analyzed the resultant data using a disease model in which rare pathogenic variants, possibly within multiple genes, are causative of statin-induced myopathy. In this study, we have identified potentially causative genetic variants in greater than 50% of the statin-induced myopathy cases and in particular, rare and possibly pathogenic in the RYR1 and CACNA1S genes were present in 25% of the patient samples studied. Vladutiu, G. D., Simmons, Z., Isackson, P.J., Tarnopolsky, M., Peltier, W.L., Barboi, A.C., Sripathi, N., Wortmann, R.L., Phillips, P.S., (2006). "Genetic risk factors associated with lipid-lowering drug-induced myopathies." Muscle Nerve 34: 153-162. Vladutiu, G. D., Isackson, P.J., Kaufman, K., Harley, J.B., Cobb, B., Christopher-Stine, L., Wortmann, R.L, (2011). "Genetic risk for malignant hyperthermia in non-anesthesia-induced myopathies." Mol Genet Metab 104: 167-173.

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• Whole Exome Sequences of Human Embryonic Stem Cell Lines

  Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are a powerful tool for the study of human development and can form the basis of cellular disease models or therapies. However, the genetic make-up and stability of hESCs has not been systematically studied at a genome-wide level with single nucleotide resolution. We therefore sequenced the whole exomes of widely available hESCs. The data generated has provided new insights about the nature of acquired variation and the genomic integrity of the cell lines. We anticipate that this online resource will enable investigators to access raw sequencing data in order to interrogate cell lines for different disease and trait-associated genetic variants.

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